THE ULTIMATE REALITY

AND REALIZATION

Siva-Sutra, with text in Sanskrit,

transliteration in Roman, translation

in English and commentary

BY

I. K. TAIMNI

THE THEOSOPHICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE ADYAR

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PREFACE

More and more intelligent people in the world with spiritual leanings are turning away from

the orthodox ideas of religion and philosophy and taking to the realization of an Ultimate

Reality which is hidden within the heart of every human being as the ultimate goal of all

spiritual endeavour and self-discipline. What is the nature of this Reality, how can it be

realized, and what is the nature of work done by those Great Beings who have succeeded in

this effort and become permanently established in that Reality—these are some of the

questions which are bound to be of great interest to all serious students of the Occult Science

and those who are treading the path of practical Occultism,

Of course, all such questions are beyond the realm of the human intellect and cannot

be answered satisfactorily on the basis of reason alone. They are matters of inner experience

and this experience can be gained only by treading that difficult path of unfoldment of

consciousness which reveals, step by step, different aspects of the one Reality and finally the

Ultimate Reality itself. But this does not mean that it is not possible to say anything about this

Reality or the method of realizing it. This Reality can, no doubt, be known only by direct

experience but those who have succeeded in their efforts to know it in this manner are

certainly in a position to give us some idea with regard to the nature of that experience, how it

can be gained and the nature of the self-discipline which makes this possible.

Not only is it possible for them to say something on these vital questions but it

becomes a kind of compulsion under which they have to tell others about their experience and

exhort them to take to that path which will enable them to gain this direct experience for

themselves.

There is a definite reason for this urge to persuade others to take to the path of Self-

realization. This realization reveals the unity of life which underlies all living creatures. From

the experience of this unity is born a tremendous love for them and the desire to see human

beings free from the illusions and limitations of the lower worlds in which the common man

is involved. Love always wants to share what it has and prizes most with those who are loved

and therefore an Enlightened individual does everything in his power to persuade others to

acquire what has brought him superlative happiness. He sees clearly the Divine nature present

in the heart of all human beings and how involvement in the illusions of the world prevents

them from becoming aware of this tremendous Reality. It is therefore natural for him to be

constantly engaged in making others see these illusions and free themselves from the miseries

of life which are inherent in these illusions. They may or may not pay heed to his vital

message but he has to spread it far and wide and make them realize its importance.

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It is for this reason that though Truth is a matter of direct realization by one's own

individual effort we have available to us such a precious and vast literature giving the

experiences and exhortations of those who have gained realizations of this Truth in different

degrees by following different methods. The Upanisads and similar treatises belonging to

other religions are full of experiences and exhortations of those who have gained glimpses of

the Supreme Truth and wanted to share their experiences with others who were also seeking

the same Truth, though under a different name and by following a different method.

The student should however exercise his discrimination in going through such

literature and try not only to separate what is profound from what is spurious but also to note

to which category a particular treatise belongs. One treatise may give in glowing terms the

particular experiences of a mystic whose consciousness has been raised temporarily to a

higher level in an ecstasy. Another may present an exquisitely beautiful panorama of ever-

receding horizons in the long journey to our spiritual goal. A third may give us not only an

inspiring glimpse of our spiritual aim in a masterly manner but also lay down the general

principles underlying methods of achieving it. Siva-Sutra belongs to this third category.

Those who study this treatise carefully and are able to appreciate its grandeur and

beauty adequately will be able to see for themselves that it must have come from a very high

source, although given out through the medium off an ordinary scholar inspired temporarily to

receive and pass on to the world its priceless message. The very nature of the topics dealt with

and the masterly manner in which they are presented shows that the real author of the treatise

must be a Self-realized individual who has himself trodden the path of spiritual unfoldment,

reached its ultimate goal of Self-realization, and is therefore familiar with all aspects of

spiritual life, as it is lived by an aspirant and also as it is lived by one who is established in the

world of Reality,

This kind of communication of truths of the most profound significance to the world at

large is well known and not uncommon. Those who possess and are capable of giving this

kind of knowledge are naturally great souls who have reached the highest stages of spiritual

development and have therefore risen far above the vulgar desire to see their name and

personality associated with the knowledge thus passed on to the world outside for the benefit

of others. They know full well that there is only one source of all real and true knowledge, the

One Reality underlying and containing the universe in its vast embrace. And therefore, all

those who discover and give out such knowledge are merely channels through which this

knowledge flows from the innermost Centre to the world outside. The expression of profound

ideas and concepts in the form of aphorisms not only enables the author to condense his ideas

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to the utmost limit but also avoids to a great extent the risk of modification and rigid

crystallization in being expressed through the medium of ordinary language. For, in using this

method, the ideas are merely hinted at and it is for the student to dig out their true meaning

and significance by his own effort and according to his stage of spiritual development.

After these preliminary considerations let us now make a general survey of the basic

questions and facts of spiritual life dealt with in this treatise. This will make it easier for the

student to understand the deeper significance of the different aphorisms and their relation to

one another and to integrate what is said in the separate commentaries on the aphorisms into a

composite picture of the whole panorama of spiritual life lived at the highest level.

We may begin by noting that the Yoga-Sutra of Patanjali which has become quite

popular even in the West gives a very comprehensive idea of the various techniques which are

involved in the practice of Yoga but it is very deficient in giving us a clear and inspiring idea

with regard to the real object of practising all these techniques and the nature of the Reality

which they are meant to realize when the object aimed at has been achieved. A single word—

Kaivalya—is made to indicate the nature of the ultimate goal of all this strenuous effort

extending generally over a number of lives, and all that the student or aspirant can gather from

the study of the treatise is that this Kaivalya offers him an effective means of release from the

miseries which are inherent in ordinary human life.

This rising above the miseries of life is at best a negative prospect and unless there is

something positive and of profound value to take the place of this negative ideal it is not

likely to attract the common man who regards life as a mixture of joys and sorrows and is

quite willing to go through the latter for the sake of the compensations which are provided by

the former. How many people are there, for example, who would not be prepared to put up

with the inconveniences and the occasional pains and sorrows of ordinary life for the sake of

the happiness they derive from the love of their children, the joys of artistic creation, the

appreciation of their fellow men, and worthwhile achievements in different fields of work, to

say nothing of the coarser pleasures of a physical nature.

Under these circumstances it is only a very high ideal and prospect of a profound

nature that touches the very core of being and makes an appeal to the dormant Divine Life

within which can attract the aspirant and incline him to sacrifice the pleasures and happiness

of ordinary life for the sake of gaining ultimately the extremely subtle, superlative and ever-

lasting bliss of real spiritual life in which we are aware of our Sat-Cit-Ananda nature.

We blunder when we underrate the potentialities of the common man for responding

to appeals of a spiritual nature, as the life of all Great Teachers have demonstrated clearly.

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They were able to attract not only people with spiritual leanings and capacities but also the

most unpromising individuals, though not in every case. The secret of their success in this

matter lay in their being able to appeal to the Atma hidden within the outer form and mind of

the individual. When Atma speaks to Atma all intermediate barriers created by the mind are

swept aside and the appeal goes home. But it is the Atma which must speak and not the mind

masquerading under the cloak of spiritual life and the paraphernalia of religious orthodoxy.

And the Atma can speak only when the teacher is aware of his own spiritual nature and is

therefore also aware of the spiritual nature of those who hear him.

In fact, it is necessary to be aware not only of our spiritual nature but also of our

Divine nature which is hidden behind the spiritual nature and is the source of the exalted

states of consciousness and superhuman powers inherent in the Spirit. How can one become

aware of this Divine Consciousness and Power which is hidden within the centre of

consciousness through which the individual Atma functions in the worlds of manifestation?

By piercing through its own Centre which centralizes and in the process limits enormously the

infinite Consciousness and Power inherent in the Ultimate Reality. When the highly advanced

Yogi is successful in accomplishing this difficult task his consciousness emerges into the

world of Ultimate Reality and by becoming one with the Universal Consciousness of that

world rises above the illusions and limitations of every kind which are inherent in the worlds

of manifestation. It is this Ultimate Reality which may best be visualized by the human

intellect as Universal Consciousness in which Universal Power is inherent that is referred to

as Siva in Hindu philosophy and Siva-Sutra is a treatise that attempts to throw some light on

the nature of this Supreme Reality, the method of its realization by the individual, and the

nature and work of those who have become permanently and irreversibly established in that

Reality.

It will be seen, therefore, that this treatise makes up, to some extent, the deficiency of

the Yoga-Sutra and by dealing more fully and clearly with the nature of the Reality of which

the successful Yogi becomes aware on Self-realization, makes the ideal of Self-realization

more attractive and inspiring. The Yoga-Sutra deals mostly with the vidya or technique of

Yoga which is the negative aspect of Brahmavidya. Siva-Sutra, on the other hand, deals

mostly with the nature of that Ultimate Reality or Jnana (wisdom) which may be considered

as the positive aspect of Brahmavidya. The two treatises may therefore be considered as

complementary, each supplying the deficiency of the other, and together giving a far richer

and more comprehensive idea regarding the nature of this Sacred Science.

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It should not be imagined by those who study Siva-Sutra that absence of any reference

in this treatise to the preliminary qualifications which are emphasized in Light on the Path and

other similar occult treatises of a practical nature, means that Siva-Sutra does not attach any

importance to these qualifications or supposes that they are unnecessary. To imagine this

would mean a complete absence of understanding of the high purpose of this profound

treatise. These preliminary qualifications, even though they are not mentioned in treatises of

this nature, are not considered unessential. They are not mentioned because the aspirant is

supposed to have already acquired them. It is thought that the question of his entering this

difficult path which leads to the ultimate goal of human evolution pointed out by them does

not arise in the case of unqualified aspirants and so it is useless to waste time in dealing with

this preliminary training which is outlined in more elementary treatises of a different

category. A book dealing with a critical study of English literature, as a whole, is not expected

to refer to the rules of English grammar. It is only in spurious schools of mysticism and

occultism that teachers of Yoga offer to initiate disciples into its highest mysteries without

even enquiring whether they possess the necessary qualifications. But, of course, the disciple

must be prepared for making up for this deficiency in his character by offering to the guru a

handsome fee!

The next point which must be cleared up in this general survey of this treatise is the

division of the treatise into three Sections so that the student may understand the purpose of

this division and why certain facts and concepts are referred to in one Section while others of

a similar nature are included in another Section, The fundamental reason for this division into

three Sections lies in the fact that the treatise deals with the question of the unfoldment of

consciousness and gaining realizations of ever-increasing depths from three points of view,

(1) from the point of view of Divine Consciousness, (2) from the point of view of Divine

Power and (3) from the point of view of their product, mind, or citta as it is called in the

Yoga-Sutra.

The first Section deals with the methods which utilize consciousness itself and are

applicable to the highest grades of disciples or those who have become Liberated already and

come down into a new incarnation to take some definite part in the working of the Divine

Plan. In their case the spiritual nature is already highly developed and all that is needed in

unfolding the highest states of consciousness and the powers associated with them, while

functioning on the physical plane, is a little stimulation from below. States of meditation and

contemplation which cannot be attained even by highly advanced Yogis after years and lives

of Yogic practices are easily attained in the case of these highly advanced souls by just

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making a little mental effort to know by direct experience the realities of the inner life, and

the powers associated with these states of consciousness appear naturally without making any

special effort to acquire them.

The Sanskrit word Samdhana is used in the first Section for this process of

establishing contact with the inner realms of being by directing the attention to them. In the

case of the ordinary individual this kind of directing the attention to these realities does not

yield any remarkable results, firstly, because the mind cannot be concentrated with the

required degree of intensity, and secondly, because the spiritual nature as well as its vehicles

on the different planes are not yet fully developed. But in the case of highly advanced souls

these difficulties do not exist and the opening up of the channels between the lower and

higher worlds is brought about with great ease. It is in these advanced stages of unfoldment of

consciousness by properly qualified individuals that the mechanism of the Susumna nadi and

other mystic centres present in the vehicles are made to play their important role by proper

manipulation of forces like prana and kundalini.

There is a craze these days in certain circles of aspirants who are still immature

spiritually to arouse their kundalini and bloom into Enlightened Mahatmas overnight There is

nothing wrong in studying these interesting facts concerning the subtler forces working within

our vehicles theoretically, but we should not allow ourselves to dabble with them without first

acquiring the necessary qualifications for using them in the proper manner. A person doing so

is like a child playing with fire. A scientist who wants to attain eminence in any field of

scientific research does not confine his knowledge to facts of the particular field in which he

is working. He tries to acquire as wide a base of theoretical scientific knowledge as possible.

But he does not go into the control room of a plant producing atomic energy and start

monkeying with the electric switches and other devices which control and manipulate various

forces and currents.

The method of Self-realization outlined in the first Section is based upon penetration

into the four, states of consciousness itself as distinguished from the ordinary method outlined

in the Yoga-Sutra which is based upon citta-vritti-nirodha. This is indicated by aphorism I-7

of Siva-Sutra. This method may therefore be considered as a kind of shortcut to Self-

realization and can therefore be adopted only by very highly advanced souls who have the

capacity for using this subtler method and are merely recapitulating in a new body what they

have accomplished already in a previous life. This first Section is entitled Sambhavopaya or

'the method of Sambhu' another name of Siva or the Universal Consciousness underlying both

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the manifest and the unmanifest. It is so called because in this method the Yogi deals only

with states of consciousness, the source and basis of all states of the mind or citta.

The second Section of Siva-Sutra is called Saktopaya which means that it deals with

the method depending upon the utilization of Divine Power which is the instrumental cause

and basis of the manifested universe. This Divine Power, as every student of the Occult

Science knows, works through the agency of ‘Sound’ or Nada as has been explained in other

contexts. This subtle method should not be confused with ordinary Mantra Yoga in which

repetition and meditation on mantras is used to attune the vehicles of consciousness and help

in its unfoldment This fact is dear from the extremely significant and important aphorisms of

this Section.

This ultimate secret of the power of ‘Sound’ can be imparted in a real initiation only

by a Self-realized Mahatma or Adhikari Purusa to a properly qualified, highly advanced

disciple and it is capable of leading him out of the world of manifestation into the world of

Reality. It should be clear therefore that the method can be used only by those who are

already developed spiritually and are therefore qualified to come into direct, personal contact

with those Great Beings who are masters of the Sacred Science. It has nothing to do with the

initiations which are frequently given in India by ordinary gurus by whispering a mantra into

the ears of their chelas and performing some religious ceremony. The difference between the

two kinds of initiations is shown clearly by the difference in the effect which is produced on

the disciple.

The third Section is called Anavopaya which means ‘methods related to the Point’

because it deals with the expression of Divine Consciousness and Power through a Monad

who is a Centre in the Ultimate Reality and it is through this Centre that the individual Monad

functions on all the planes of manifestation in the mental world he has created round that

Centre. All the aphorisms in this Section throw some light on different aspects of the

consciousness, life and functions of the Monad in the world of manifestation but the questions

are dealt with from the highest point of view and the aphorisms are therefore not easy to

understand.

The method of unfoldment of consciousness outlined in this Section is practically the

same as the method which has been expounded in the Yoga-Sutra of Patanjali but it deals with

the problems of spiritual life from a much higher point of view. Many of the practices and

achievements of Yoga which are dealt with in detail in the Yoga-Sutra are taken for granted in

the Siva-Sutra and many subtle aspects of the unfoldment of consciousness which are not

mentioned in the Yoga-Sutra are referred to very tersely in the Siva-Sutra.

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The philosophies underlying the practical methods of Yoga-Sutra and Siva-Sutra are

different. While the philosophy upon which the Yoga-Sutra is based is greatly coloured by

Samkhya and is therefore ambiguous and confused in certain respects, that underlying Siva-

Sutra is quite clearly defined and based upon the existence of an Ultimate Reality which

brings into existence and embraces the whole universe, each Monad being merely a separate

Centre of consciousness and power in that Reality and having Universal Consciousness and

Universal Power hidden within him in a potential form. It is related to the school of Kashmir

Shaivism.

But the most important feature of this third Section is the light which it throws on the

life, work and consciousness of those Great Beings who have become Liberated and as

members of the Occult Hierarchy are guiding the evolution of individuals and humanity, as a

whole, on this planet. So little information is available with regard to these Great Beings that

whatever little has been hinted at in the aphorisms is of inestimable value.

A lot of information based upon clairvoyant investigations has been given about these

Mahatmas in occult literature but this information does not give sufficient insight into their

functions, methods of work and the state of consciousness in which they live. The few

aphorisms given in the Siva-Sutra bearing on this subject give us a deeper insight into these

questions and enable us to understand more clearly what kind of self-discipline an aspirant

has to adopt in order to become like them in some measure and earn the privilege of coming

into direct touch with them as a disciple.

For example, it is clear from the aphorisms given in the third Section that there are

different well-marked stages in the unfoldment of consciousness which end ultimately in its

merging with the Universal Consciousness of Siva. Each of these stages is gained by bringing

about some fundamental change in the state of mind and consciousness as a result of

overcoming completely some common tendency of human nature like moha, etc. And when a

new stage is reached in this manner and a new state of consciousness appears, new powers

and faculties which are inherent in that state of consciousness appear automatically without

making any special effort for this purpose.

It is interesting to note that the general theme of the three Sections is indicated by the

aphorism which heads each Section. The first Section which deals with the method of

unfoldment of consciousness by piercing through its different states begins with the aphorism

Caitanyam atma. The second Section which deals with the method based on the utilization of

Divine Power inherent in 'Sound' begins with the aphorism cittam mantrah. The third Section

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which deals with the relation of consciousness and mind and their finding simultaneous

expression through a Point, representing a Monad, begins with the aphorism atma cittam.

The student who studies Siva-Sutra in a superficial manner confining his attention

merely to the literal meaning of the aphorisms, and not trying to grasp their deeper

significance and seeing them in the correct perspective against the back ground of the whole

treatise, is likely to miss many aspects of the treatise which are of a profound nature and

should be of great interest to every student of philosophy and psychology. What has been said

in this Preface will perhaps help him to overcome this difficulty and to see not only the deeper

significance of each individual aphorism but its relation to the profound subject which the

treatise seeks to expound, namely, the relation of Divine Consciousness and Power and their

expression through a Point representing a Monad.

10-1-1975

I. K. TAIMNI

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SECTION I

SAMBHAVOPAYA

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THE ULTIMATE REALITY AND REALIZATION

of the nature of pure consciousness

the individual Spirit in man who is

generally referred to as the Monad in Western literature. The Sanskrit word Atma is used both

for the Supreme Spirit which underlies, pervades and contains the whole universe within its

infinite embrace as well as the individual Spirit which is essentially of the same nature as the

Supreme Spirit, but is this unbounded, infinite Reality expressing itself through a point or

centre.

I-1.

“The Monad or the individual Spirit who is the innermost Self of man is

essentially of the nature of pure consciousness or the Reality in its' outward turned aspect of

Consciousness.”

According to the highest doctrines of Occultism there is only one Ultimate Reality

underlying both the manifest and unmanifest states of Being. This Reality is an Integrated

State which is changeless, indivisible, without distinctions and utterly beyond human

comprehension, though it can be known by direct perception by penetrating through and

transcending all the levels of the mind in the realm of manifestation, thus enabling

consciousness to become aware of its Real underlying nature in the realm of the unmanifest.

The individual Spirit, or Atma as it is referred to in this aphorism, is a centralized

expression of this Reality through a point in which the Reality exists not only in its essential

nature but contains the Whole in a potential form. It is this fact which accounts for the

continuous and infinite expansion of consciousness in the individual Spirits and the

simultaneous development of the corresponding powers as evolution proceeds and what is

potential becomes active.

The different Monads or individual Spirits thus represent different expressions of the

same Ultimate Reality which is whole, indivisible and integrated through different centres of

consciousness, each Centre becoming gradually a separate expression of Divine Life and

Consciousness according to its individual uniqueness and playing its own distinct role in the

drama of manifestation.

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Although these centres of Divine life and Consciousness called anu in Siva-Sutras

appear to be scattered far and wide in the realm of Time and Space when looked at from

below through the instrumentality of the intellect, they are really concentric, rooted in the

Mahabindu, the Great Centre through which a manifested universe always appears from the

unmanifest and in which it continues to function during the period of manifestation.

So these centres are separate from each other and yet not separate. In the realm of

manifestation they function separately through the agency of the mind principle and may be

considered separate. In the realm of the unmanifest they are rooted in the One Reality and

may be considered as non-separate. The mystery of this paradox can be resolved only by

direct realization in Self-realization when the consciousness of the Monad becomes centred in

its own individual centre as well as in the common Great Centre.

It has been pointed out in other contexts that Consciousness and Power, called Siva

and Sakti in Sanskrit, are polar opposites, inseparable but having varying relative

predominance under different conditions. But in the unmanifest, the Power aspect of the One

Reality or Sakti is potential, merged in the Consciousness aspect or Siva and indistinguishable

from it. It is only when manifestation takes place after a period of pralaya that Sakti separates

from Siva, descends through the Mahabindu and creates the paraphernalia of manifestation

through which the Consciousness of Siva can then function and express itself in an increasing

measure as evolution proceeds. So, in the realm of manifestation, consciousness and power

are always found together though in each organism one or the other predominates according

to the stage of evolution and the circumstances prevailing in a particular sphere of expression.

It will be clear from what has been said above that the direct experience of the One

Reality in its aspect of Pure Consciousness, without the various kinds of obscurations created

by Sakti, is possible only when the consciousness of the individual Monad who is involved in

manifestation, is able to extricate itself from the illusory paraphernalia created by Sakti and

penetrating through its own Centre is able to emerge on the other side of the Point, as it were.

It is then in the realm of Pure Consciousness and can have direct unobstructed perception of

Pure Consciousness or the Siva State in which Sakti is present in a potential form.

It is this Point which centralizes and limits Pure Consciousness, brings into action the

Mind principle and creates the individual mental worlds in which the Monad becomes

imprisoned. And it is for this reason that it is necessary to penetrate through this Point to gain

Self-realization and become established in the world of Reality. In this highest State, the

Consciousness of the Monad exists in constant unification with the universal Consciousness

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of Siva, acquires all the Divine attributes and powers inherent in Pure Consciousness and can

thus perform any function in the manifested universe as an Adhikari Purusa.

The Reality existing above and beyond the Point which is generally referred to as the

Siva-Sakti-tattva is dual in its nature. It can therefore be considered both as positive or

negative, or as masculine or feminine. In Pratyabhijna Hrdayam it is generally referred to as

feminine in nature and it is only in the last aphorism that both the natures—positive and

negative—are referred to and these natures considered merely as two aspects of that Supreme

State called Siva which is really neither positive nor negative. In the Yoga-Sutras, on the other

hand, this Reality is generally referred to as Purusa or masculine in nature, and only in the

last aphorism the dual aspect is referred to as Citi-Saktih.

knowledge; the word is used for both mental and spiritual knowledge but in the

present context it is used for mental knowledge

bondage, confinement in the lower

worlds of illusion.

I-2.

“Knowledge vitiated by the illusions of mind is the cause of bondage of the

Monad or Jivatma in the lower worlds.”

In order to grasp the inner significance of this aphorism it is necessary to understand

the nature of the mind, from where it is derived, how it is formed and what is its essential

nature. The most apt and illuminating answers to these questions are given very tersely and

clearly in the three following aphorisms of Pratyabhijna Hrdayam.

Citisamkocatma cetano ‘pi samkucita-visamayah

“The Atma or the individual Monad is merely a centralized or contracted form of

Universal Consciousness. Even though he is nothing but an expression of consciousness, this

is obscured by the limited mental world of the individual which fills it.” (4)

Citir eva cetanapadad avarudha cetya-samkocini cittam

“It is nothing but the Ultimate Reality which, descending from the stage of pure

consciousness becomes the individual mind, by becoming contracted to and assimilated with

the images of objects present in the field of consciousness.” (5)

Tat-parijnane cittam eva antarmukhibhavena cetanapada-dhyarohat citih

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“But the individual mind by withdrawing inwards towards its central source by

contemplation, can be made to revert to the state of pure consciousness and by thus acquiring

knowledge of pure consciousness, become one with the Universal Consciousness itself.” (13)

These aphorisms have been discussed thoroughly in the commentary on Pratyabhijna

Hrdayam and it is not necessary to deal with them here again. What we have to understand

clearly is that the individual mind is formed by Universal Consciousness passing through an

individual centre which centralizes the Consciousness and limits the range of its awareness

and powers. It is this limited centralized consciousness which becomes the basis of the

individual mind that is separate and different from the minds of other individual Monads.

Although the consciousness which lies at the basis of these minds is essentially of the

same nature as the Universal Consciousness it becomes filled up and obscured by the mental

images which accumulate in the mind as a result of the experiences which the individual goes

through in the world of manifestation. The mind thus becomes an instrument for gathering

and storing these mental images which obscure consciousness.

These mental images are produced in the mind initially by the sense-organs and in

their raw state are called sensations. But from this raw material the mind elaborates a very

complex structure of knowledge by the powers of imagination, memory, reason, etc. which

are also inherent in the nature of mind. In fact, the evolution of a mind consists in the

elaboration of a more and more complex and subtle structure of knowledge as can be seen by

comparing the mind of a savage with that of a highly civilized human being.

It is necessary to remember that while this accumulation and elaboration of knowledge

in different ways is going on in the mind in this manner, consciousness in its pure form

remains the basis of the mind and not only provides the illuminating power behind the mind

but is the source of its knowledge and without this basis of integrated consciousness, the

differentiated knowledge of the mind could not appear and grow to an infinite extent.

So the relation of consciousness and mind is a very peculiar one and of fascinating

interest to the student of Occultism and it is necessary to understand this relation thoroughly if

we are to utilize effectively the technique of Yoga for regaining awareness of our Real nature.

It is only when we understand this relation properly that we can understand the nature of

knowledge which is called Jnana in Sanskrit and can understand the significance of the

aphorism under discussion. This relation has been discussed thoroughly in other contexts,

especially in Glimpses into the Psychology of Yoga, and it is therefore not necessary to go into

this question in the present context. Let us now deal with the question as to why and how

knowledge or Jnana can become an instrument of bondage for the Monad who descends into

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the lower worlds of manifestation in order to unfold the Divine potentialities which are hidden

within him.

The word Jnana is used in a very wide sense and includes, on the one hand, the

rudimentary knowledge gathered by the sense-organs in the form of sensations, and on the

other hand, the supreme knowledge of the Ultimate Reality which sets the Monad free from

the illusions and limitations of the lower worlds of manifestation. It is obvious that in the

context of the aphorism which is being discussed the word Jnana is used for the mental

knowledge which is gathered by the mind in the realm of manifestation and is vitiated by

illusions and limitations of various kinds and degrees. It is this kind of knowledge in all its

ramifications which binds the Monad to the lower worlds, and it is only knowledge of his own

Real nature which is hidden within him and which is the ultimate object of Yogic practice

which can set him free from this bondage.

How does this kind of mental knowledge become an instrument of bondage for the

Monad is the great question posed by this aphorism. This is a philosophical question which

has been discussed at great length by Hindu philosophers and religious teachers and some

light is thrown on it by many aphorisms in Siva-Sutras. The question is not easy to answer

because it is bound up with the nature of the relation existing between the Supreme

knowledge of the Ultimate Reality and the defective knowledge of the intellect. We shall not

therefore go into this question in detail but merely point out a few facts which will enable the

student to realize the vital importance and validity of the cryptic statement made in the

aphorism under discussion.

If the student has understood how the mental world of an individual Monad is formed

by the centralization of the Ultimate Reality in passing through the centre of individual

consciousness of each Monad and the enormous limitations imposed upon this consciousness

in the process, he should also have no difficulty in understanding how this mental world can

obscure the awareness of that Reality, can bring about a tremendous limitation of the infinite

powers which are inherent in that Reality and how with these limitations the ground is

prepared for the creation of the objective and subjective illusions in which we get involved

and imprisoned during the course of our evolution in the world of manifestation.

So the real problem in Self-realization is how to get rid of all these illusions—gross

and subtle—by freeing the mind from the obscurations caused by the mental worlds we have

created round the eternal centre of our consciousness and obtaining again an awareness of that

Ultimate Reality in which we really exist and have our being. This is accomplished by the

17

rigorous self-discipline and practices of lower and higher Yoga as every serious student of the

Occult Science knows very well.

The self-discipline and practices differ in different schools of practical Occultism and

mysticism but the object of all genuine schools is the same namely, Self-realization. The

Yogic system of Patanjali calls this process Citta-vrtti-nirodha. Pratyabhijna Hrdayam refers

to it as madhya-vikasa. Siva-Sutras deals with the successive stages of this process in different

aphorisms.

Not only do the methods of self-discipline differ in different schools of practical

Occultism but there are differences in views regarding the nature of the Reality which is

attained ultimately. Patanjali calls this state Kaivalya or attainment of Citi-Sakti (IV-34),

Pratyabhijna Hrdayam calls it the descent of purnahamta or all-embracing, all-powerful I-

ness. Siva-Sutra refers to it as Siva-likeness Siva-tulyata. These differences of interpretation

and presentation are inevitable in describing a Reality which is transcendental in its nature

and which can be known only by direct realization within our consciousness. This is why the

aspirant should take these differences lightly and not become confused or disturbed by them.

He should bend all his energies to practising the discipline which alone can ensure direct

realization of the ultimate Truth.

womb, source, form of existence, Maya as the generating cause of the universe

class, group, society

a small part of anything, differentiated functions of any

principle

a body, a vehicle of consciousness.

I-3.

“Maya, class, function and vehicle of consciousness determine the nature of

mental knowledge (which is the source of bondage).”

In the previous aphorism it was pointed out that ordinary knowledge or Jnana in the

ordinary sense is the cause of the bondage of the Atma or the individual Monad in the worlds

of manifestation. How is this knowledge which is the cause of bondage produced? The above

aphorism makes an attempt to indicate the four factors involved in the production of this kind

of knowledge. These are listed as Yoni, vargah, kala and sariram.

Yoni is a technical term of philosophy which denotes Maya. The whole universe is

considered in Hindu philosophy to be the result of Maya or Prakrti which is therefore

18

considered to be the “womb” of the manifested universe. The word Yoni is generally used in

Sanskrit to inditate the source of anything, especially if the thing is born from that and

undergoes preliminary development within it as in the case of a foetus. The individual soul is

conceived in the womb of Maya or Prakrti, develops in it gradually until it has become fit to

lead an independent life. This happens on the attainment of Self-realization. Maya is a

powerful factor in the production of knowledge in the worlds of manifestation by creating all

kinds of illusions that keep the individual bound to the unreal world which the mind creates

round the Centre of Consciousness.

The word vargah means “class”. The nature of illusory knowledge which binds the

soul also depends upon the class of vehicle in which the soul is encased. Thus the knowledge

of entities in different kingdoms of Nature differs according to the kingdom, as the mind is

unfolded in different ways and in different degrees in each kingdom. Even in the same

kingdom there is a great variety of knowledge possessed by members of the kingdom

depending upon the environment in which they have been brought up and the practical

faculties they have developed.

Kalas, as has been explained elsewhere, are the differentiated functions of different

principles underlying manifestation which bring about various changes and accomplish

different purposes in Nature in the evolution of life and form. These naturally determine the

nature of knowledge which gathers round the centre of consciousness. Taking only the human

kingdom we see easily how the functions which an individual performs affect his thinking

and result in his acquiring such erroneous attitudes and ideas as “I am not an artist,” “I am a

minister”. Obviously, the individual is none of these things. He is merely a centre of

consciousness through which certain functions are being performed and certain objects are

being achieved temporarily. The knowledge born of such ideas and leading to such erroneous

attitudes is clearly a source of bondage for the individual because in thus identifying himself

with the functions which he is performing he limits the unlimited nature of consciousness

which contains within itself all the functions in an integrated form, and the powers

corresponding to them. Such a limitation produced by the illusion of a separate identity

prevents the individual from performing any function needed at any moment as can be done

by a Liberated individual who has destroyed all illusions and has become permanently

established in the world of Reality (see aphorisms III-6, 35, 36 & 39). What has been said

above will show clearly how kalas affect and limit the infinite knowledge which is hidden

within the heart of every human being and transform the Atma into an ordinary individual of

the world.

19

The fourth factor which determines the nature of knowledge in the mind, according to

this aphorism, is sarira or vehicle of consciousness. It is easy to see how the vehicle

determines the nature of knowledge in the mind. The nature of knowledge in creatures

belonging to different kingdoms is very different. The nature of knowledge obtained through

different vehicles of the same individual on the different planes also differs very greatly as

clairvoyant research has shown. This knowledge becomes subtler and subtler and comes

nearer and nearer to true knowledge as we penetrate into the deeper realms of being. But we

need not go into these deeper realms to realize this fact. Even on the physical plane we can

see how the vehicle determines to a great extent the nature of knowledge acquired by an

individual.

The orthodox interpretation of this Sutra is very abstruse. I have therefore given a

simpler interpretation which can be understood easily by anybody. This aphorism is of mere

academic interest and not of vital importance to an aspirant.

of mental knowledge

basis, seat, abode

specific powers present in

certain permutations and combinations of sounds corresponding to the letters of the alphabet,

powers present in particular modes of motion which can be measured and defined

mathematically.

I-4.

“The subtle structural basis of all kinds of knowledge which appear in the mind

are the specific powers present in the sounds corresponding to the letters of the alphabet or

other modes of motion.”

This aphorism is of great significance and fundamental importance and embodies a

truth of which even serious students of philosophy may have no idea. That the whole

manifested universe is based ultimately upon “Sound” or motions of infinite variety is an idea

with which most students of the Occult doctrine are familiar but the idea that every kind of

knowledge in its minutest detail is based upon a specific “Sound” or particular kind of

vibration or mode of motion will come as a surprise and may be difficult to believe in the case

of many students. And yet this truth is merely a corollary of the more comprehensive truth

according to which the manifested universe is based upon “Sound”.

20

According to the Occult doctrine there is only One Reality in existence. In the

unmanifest this Reality exists in an integrated form which is Whole, perfect and indivisible.

But when manifestation takes place there is a change in this unique state referred to above and

this change consists in the appearance of a disturbance of a nature which can best be referred

to as a mysterious kind of “Sound”. This sound is not the same as the physical sound with

which we are familiar, although the physical sound is a partial and limited expression of it at

the lowest level of manifestation. The fundamental “Sound” which appears from the

unmanifest and becomes the basis of the manifested universe is of a unique and all-embracing

character as will be clear from the fact that all the infinite variety of phenomena we find in

manifestation are rooted in and based upon it. It is an integrated state and these phenomena of

infinite variety are merely the impression it produces on the mind when it is present in its

differentiated forms.

Another Occult doctrine which we should recall in trying to understand the deeper

significance of this aphorism is that the basis of the whole universe which we perceive

through our mind is mental in nature, i.e., its phenomena are merely modifications of

consciousness appearing as different states of mind, mental images and all kinds of

knowledge concerning objects and principles existing in the realm of manifestation. Even

these external things with which we deal on the physical plane and which appear so tangible

and material are also basically mental in nature. There is really no material basis of the

universe, a fact which recent discoveries in Science have fully corroborated. According to

these discoveries what appears as and is considered as matter is nothing but condensed

energy, the relation between the two being given by the famous formula of Einstein E=mc2.

But energy cannot exist in a void although it appears that this is possible. Occultists know that

it exists in mind and is derived from consciousness.

As pointed out above, when manifestation takes place the disturbance which is created

in the unmanifest takes the form of “Sound” of a unique character, its uniqueness being due to

its integrated character. But taking the differentiated state of this “Sound” which folds

expression in an infinite number of phenomena in the realm of manifestation, the question

arises: What is the relation between these differentiated states and combinations of sound and

the mental phenomena to which they can give rise? Are they produced in a haphazard manner

with no definite relation existing between the two? No. According to the Occult doctrine each

phenomenon observed by the mind is related to and based upon a definite and specific

combination of differentiated sounds. This relation is exact and mathematical in nature

because sound is a vibration and has a mathematical basis. So, we have two worlds, one of

21

mind and the other of sound, existing side by side in the most intimate and exact relationship.

The world of the mind is subjective in nature and rooted in Consciousness or the Siva-tattva

of Hindu philosophy. The world of sound is objective in nature and rooted in Divine Power or

Sakti-tattva. And each aspect and expression of one is related mathematically to its

corresponding aspect and expression of the other and combining harmoniously to form a

Perfect Whole.

It is these combinations of sounds which lie at the basis of mental states and

phenomena which in their totality or integrated state are called matrka in the aphorism under

discussion. Matrka may thus be defined as Divine Power expressing itself as “Sound” which

can take the form of an infinite variety of vibrations or modes of motion.

The fact that matrkas lie at the basis of mental knowledge is partially corroborated by

our common experiences. The relation of sensations which constitute an elementary form of

knowledge with physical vibrations of light, sound, etc. shows in a limited sphere that

knowledge is based upon “Sound,” the relation being mathematical because vibration can be

measured exactly by its wave-length and represented by a mathematical formula. Thought

transference which is a fact of experience again proves that knowledge is based upon “Sound”

or vibration because in the intervening state of transmission the thought is present only in the

form of a vibration and it is only when this vibration strikes the mind of the recipient that the

corresponding knowledge is produced in his mind.

In the unmanifest state all these vibrations exist in an integrated form and it is only

when a manifested world comes into existence that they appear in a differentiated form,

combining in innumerable ways to produce objects in the manifested world. They are thus

rooted in the Divine Power and are its expressions in the world of manifestation. But this

expression of Divine Power as Energy which subsequently condenses in different ways to

form objects of the objective world takes place first as integrated “Sound” or Nada which then

differentiates into innumerable forms of vibrations and modes of motion.

This integrated “Sound” from which all other differentiated sounds are derived is the

first derivative of Divine Power and it is for this reason it is called the basis of the manifested

universe. For the same reason this Divine Power it also called the Mother of the universe. The

differentiated forms of this Divine Power with the help of which the Divine Will is carried out

in the world of manifestation are the matrka referred to in this aphorism. In fact the Sanskrit

word matrka means “mothers” and refers to these differentiated forms of the one integrated

Divine Power.

22

The world of Reality which is above the manifested universe but co-exists with it and

contains it within itself in a mysterious form is above the realm of sound, although it is the

source of the integrated sound which appears before manifestation takes place. This Real

world is an integrated state in which, by its very nature, no disturbances, destructions or

vibrations can be present. In the unmanifest the Power aspect of Reality which is referred to

as Sakti in Hindu philosophy is present in a potential form merged in the Supreme

Consciousness which is referred to as Siva.

It is only when manifestation is to take place that the Power aspect separates from the

integrated Siva-Sakti-tattva, appears as “Sound,” and by the differentiation and condensation

of the infinite number of vibrations produced from this “Sound” becomes the basis of the

manifested universe. Each bit of knowledge which appears in mind is not only based upon a

specific combination of vibrations or modes of motion but is related to it mathematically as

has been explained in the chapter on “Mathematics as the Basis of Manifestation” in Man,

God and the Universe.

It will be seen from what has been said above why it is necessary to suppress and

eliminate all expressions of Power before we can have direct realization of the pure state of

Consciousness referred to as the Siva state and become established in the world of Reality.

The whole Science of Yoga may, from one point of view, be considered as a method of

systematically and scientifically making the power aspect potential so that it merges in

consciousness and pure Consciousness can be experienced without the obscurations caused by

active Power. In Samkhyan terminology this is called the separation of Purusa from Prakrti in

which the Purusa exists in his Svarupa (Yoga-Sutras I-2).

strenuous effort, energy, exertion, firm resolve

one of the eight forms of

Siva symbolizing akasa, tremendous, terrible.

I-5. “The tremendous effort and energy which is required in the manifestation of a

universe comes from the Divine Will of Siva, the Universal Consciousness, and appears

initially through akasa as Nada or integrated ‘Sound’ from which all forms of vibration and

modes of motion in the realm of manifestation are derived.”

23

The previous aphorism points out that all knowledge in the realm of manifestation is

based upon vibration or other modes of motion. There must therefore be at the basis of the

manifested universe a source of tremendous Energy from which are derived all these infinite

variety of vibrations, modes of motion and forces which are working in the universe. This

source must necessarily contain this Energy in a potential and integrated form so that any kind

of vibration or mode of motion can appear from it as required in any sphere of manifestation

at any time. These vibrations and modes of motion form, as has been explained already, the

objective basis of the manifested universe and produce in the minds of all living creatures the

corresponding mental states and forms of knowledge which in their totality constitute the

subjective aspect of the manifested universe.

Considering the infinite variety and numbers of mental states and kinds of knowledge

which exist in the manifested universe, both in the visible and invisible realms we can have

some idea of the tremendous nature of this underlying integrated and potential “Sound” which

is called Nada or antah spanda in Sanskrit. That is why it is referred to as Bhairava, which

means tremendous, formidable or terrible. Siva, the Universal Consciousness underlying

manifestation, is also sometimes referred to as Bhairava, obviously, because this tremendous

output of primordial Energy or Power is the result of the exertion of His Divine Will to bring

about a period of manifestation (srsti) after a period of pralaya. It is when He wills that the

potential Divine Power which is merged with His Consciousness in the unmanifest separates

from that Consciousness and creates the tremendous amount of Energy required for running

the machinery of the manifested system.

It is interesting to note that “Sound” is a property of akasa or space and so this Nada

or “Sound” must reside in or have its source in akasa, the parent Cosmic Element or Principle

from which the other four Cosmic Elements or Principles are derived and the manifested

universe is constructed. It is a well-known Occult doctrine that Reality exists and functions in

Space and Mahakasa or the Great Space is the abode of the ultimate Reality or the Absolute.

This fact has been very aptly expressed in aphorism II-5 of Siva-Sutra in which the Supreme

State referred to as Siva is called khecari. We shall discuss this question in greater detail when

dealing with this aphorism.

We can imagine Bhairava as the Sun of Divine Energy from which all kinds of

energies needed in a manifested system are radiating all the time. This is not unlike the

radiation of different kinds of physical energies from the physical sun which is the centre and

life-giver of a solar system. In fact, the physical Sun is probably a centre which is a reflection

and instrument on the physical plane of the Universal Sun of Divine Energy referred to as

24

Bhairava and after receiving power from this source transforms it according to the particular

needs of the solar system.

The use of the words udyama and bhairava which suggest intensity and

tremendousness respectively should not lead us to imagine a state of great disturbance and

disharmony. For, this fundamental integrated source of energy, though it is tremendous and of

unimaginable intensity and Power is in the Consciousness of Siva which is santa and of the

very nature of peace and harmony. In the lower worlds the expressions of power and intensity

are generally attended with disturbance and disharmony on account of lack of complete

control and proper coordination of the different forces which are set in motion. But the Divine

Consciousness is perfect and omnipotent and therefore power and intensity in it can co-exist

with peace and harmony. Not only can they co-exist but any kind of disturbance or

disharmony is impossible in the deeper levels of that Supreme State. Whatever exists in that

State or enters that State must, by the very nature of that State, be reduced to a state of perfect

harmony and peace.

Even in ordinary life we see that wherever there is perfect coordination, proper

adjustment and regulation of various kinds of forces, even though they are of a tremendous

nature, there is always present an exquisite state of harmony and absence of disturbance of

any kind. How the apparent disturbance at the surface of consciousness can co-exist with

perfect peace and awareness of Reality at the deeper levels in the case of Liberated

individuals has been hinted at in some aphorisms in Part III of Siva-Sutras.

the Great Point or Centre through which potential Divine Power descends

from the unmanifest into the realm of the manifest

by union through meditation,

knowing by becoming

of the universe

become merged in the source, disappear

from the mind by becoming assimilated with Consciousness or Reality.

I-6.

“By contemplation on the Centre through which Divine Power descends and

manifests the universe, consciousness reverts to its original pure state, and so the universe as a

separate mental phenomenon disappears.”

25

It has been pointed out already that the source and basis of the whole manifested

universe, existing in different degrees of subtlety is the integrated vibration or “Sound”

referred to as Nada in Sanskrit. This Nada is the initial expression of Divine Power when it

separates from the Divine Consciousness in the Unmanifest for the manifestation of a

universe and is expressed through the Mahabindu or the Great Point. It is only after its

descent through this Point as Nada and the differentiation of this integrated vibration, that the

Divine Power can assume the infinite number of forms, of energies, vibrations and modes of

motion which lie at the basis of the manifested universe and are referred to in their totality as

matrka in a previous aphorism.

It will be seen from what has been said above that the Great Point is a kind of

threshold separating the world of Reality in the Unmanifest and the unreal world existing on

different planes in the realm of manifestation. On one 3ide of this threshold exists the One

Reality, Whole, Perfect and Integrated; and on the other side the manifested, world of infinite

variety of phenomena which we generally refer to as the universe or as visva in Sanskrit.

If we are to understand clearly the deep significance of the aphorism under discussion

we should note that the Great Point through which Sakti descends from the Unmanifest and

creates the manifested universe is not only the Centre from which the mental universe is

projected, is not only the source of power which is running the machinery of this universe, but

is also a Point from which the manifested universe can be seen in its true form, as a

phenomenon taking place within the Universal Consciousness of Siva. It is only an individual

who can raise his consciousness to this level in contemplation and can see the universe

through the Great Point, as it were, who can realize the phenomenal nature of the whole

manifested universe from the lowest to the highest level and become completely free from the

Great Illusion by which we are bound and imprisoned within this universe.

Although the above paragraphs indicate in a general way the deep significance of the

aphorism it is necessary to dwell for a while on the particular connotations of some of the

Sanskrit words used in the aphorism in the present context. Sakti-Cakra: When manifestation

takes place after a period of pralaya through the Great Point and the various tattvas or

principles descend from the Unmanifest to perform their various functions in the realm of the

manifest, every principle has its own particular centre through which its forces and powers

descend into the various organisms to perform their respective functions. Each separate

manifested system or living organism is interspersed with such mysterious and hidden centres

whether the organism is macrocosmic or microcosmic in nature. Each of these centres, called

26

a cakra in Sanskrit, is a door through which forces and powers descend from above and

consciousness can move up and down between the lower and higher planes.

Since the physical body and also other subtler bodies are a microcosmic representation

and expression of the universe as a whole they should contain such centres for the

transmission of all kinds of energies and forces and the transference of consciousness from

one plane to another. That this is a fact is a matter of common knowledge to all Occultists

although scientists have not even an inkling of this important truth of vital importance to

every human being.

The Great Centre coinciding with the Great Point through which the Divine Power or

Sakti descends as a whole to create, maintain and reabsorb the universe in the Consciousness

of Siva at the time of pralaya is called Sakti Cakra. When this Divine Power descends for this

purpose it creates, maintains and reabsorbs the universe through the instrumentality of the

five Cosmic Elements whose important functions am very imperfectly understood by the

vast majority of students of the Occult doctrine. It is not necessary to go into this difficult

question here. All that the student has to note carefully is that it is this phenomenal universe

created by the Divine Power which provides the field for the evolution of the Monads and

other forms of life at a lower level,

Samdhana: The Sanskrit word samdhdna is used frequently in Siva-Sutra, and

although it ordinarily means enquiring into the truth of any fact of existence, it has a much

deeper significance in the aphorisms of Siva-Sutras and is used practically in the same sense

as the technical word samyama in the third Chapter of The Science of Yoga. In the highest

stages of meditation when the reality of any fact or principle of existence has to be realized

the Yogi goes through the triple process of dharana, dhyana and samadhi until his

consciousness becomes one with that reality and direct perception of the truth underlying that

reality takes place within the deepest layers of his own Consciousness. This triple process is

called samyama, and samdhana has practically the same significance in the aphorisms of

Siva-Sutras.

Samharah: The Sanskrit word samharah ordinarily means destruction but in the

aphorism of Siva-Sutras it is used in a more subtle sense and this must be understood if we are

not to be completely misled in trying to understand the real meaning of these profound

aphorisms. According to the Occult doctrine when a universe comes into existence after a

period of pralaya it is not “creation” in the ordinary sense of the term. It is a projection

outside in a manifested condition of what was present in a mysterious latent form in the realm

of the Unmanifest. Similarly, when pralaya takes place it is not really a ‘destruction’ of the

27

manifested universe but its reabsorption in the supreme eternal Consciousness of Siva during

the ensuing period of pralaya. The word samharah should therefore be interpreted in the

present context as the reabsorption or assimilation with the Reality which underlies the

phenomenal world and which includes within its infinite embrace both the manifest and the

unmanifest.

This shows how those individuals who become Liberated or Jivanmukta do not live in

a void state when the illusory phenomenal universe disappears on Enlightenment. They still

see the same universe in existence as before but now see it as an expression of the One

Reality, not separate or different from It but an integral part of It, due to the activity of the

Divine Mind. The distinction between the Real and unreal disappears and it is this awareness

without the presence of bheda-bhava which distinguishes the perception of the ordinary

illusion-bound man from the perception of a Self-realized Mahatma.

the waking state of consciousness

the dream state of consciousness

the state of profound sleep in which there is consciousness but no pratyaya

by piercing

through

the fourth state of consciousness which is the highest and from which the previous

three states are derived

expansion

Consciousness, perception

becomes

possible.

I-7.

“By piercing through the lower three states of consciousness (jagrat, svapna

and susupti) it becomes possible for consciousness to expand into the fourth state from which

the lower three states are derived.”

It has been pointed out in the Preface that the unfoldment of consciousness and the

methods adopted for this purpose on the path of Yoga depend upon the evolution of the

individual. The three Chapters of Siva-Sutra, although they throw some light on different

aspects of these problems, as a whole, are also meant to indicate that individuals at different

stages of evolution unfold their consciousness in different ways and the methods which are

suitable in the case of an individual who is highly developed spiritually may not be applicable

to individuals who are still standing on the lower rungs of the ladder of evolution.

28

The first Chapter referred to as Sambhavopayah deals in a general way with the

method of unfoldment of consciousness in the case of an individual who is already highly

evolved spiritually and has only to establish contact, in the present incarnation, with the

highly developed states of consciousness which already exist fully developed within him. It is

natural that in such a case the unfoldment of the higher states of consciousness will not only

be rapid and easy but can be brought about by methods which cannot be used by an ordinary

sadhaka on the path of Yoga. Such a highly advanced Yogi has only to direct his attention

towards the inner realms of consciousness and make an attempt to meditate and his mind

easily and naturally passes into a state of contemplation and begins to come into contact with

the deeper realms of being. This is so because the spiritual knowledge already exists within

him in a developed state and it is only a question of uncovering it by an effective method.

Not only is it easy for him to unfold higher states of consciousness for reasons given

above, but on account of his having established intimate contact and relations with the Divine

Consciousness within him in his previous lives he has earned the right to invoke the Power of

that Consciousness which can bring about rapid unfoldment. This Power begins to descend

from above in an increasing manner and brings about the necessary changes and

transformations sometimes in the most unexpected manner.

But the potentiality for such rapid development and the close relation with the Divine

Life within him must be there if this kind of rapid development of powers and unfoldment of

consciousness is to take place. Merely adopting methods which are effective in the case of

highly advanced souls cannot lead to any tangible results if such a potentiality does not exist.

In such a case a more modest though less effective method is not only required but is more

likely to lead to fruitful results. The Science of Yoga has in its armory, techniques of all

kinds, suitable for individual aspirants with different temperaments and potentialities and

those who guide the destiny of individuals and humanity as a whole guide the earnest and

humble aspirant to the individual or method suitable for his particular case.

The aphorism under discussion illustrates in a remarkable manner the truth of what has

been said above. The ordinary method of Yoga which has been outlined in the Yoga-Sutras of

Patanjali proceeds, step by step, from the lowest stages of mental development, and by

learning to control and manipulate the activities of the mind, enables the sadhaka to bring

about citta-vrtti-nirodha and attain Self-realization. Although consciousness forms the

background of all mental processes and is the directing force behind this mental discipline it

remains in the background and its splendour and all-embracing nature, which is really the

vibhuti or magnificence of the Siva state, is experienced only when the mind is transcended

29

and the individual consciousness is established in its own essential and fundamental nature as

pointed out in I-3 of the Yoga-Sutras.

But there is a method of Yoga in which the spiritually developed sadhaka can proceed

to unfold his consciousness and ultimately attain Self-realization by dealing directly with his

consciousness and piercing through its different layers. It is this method which is hinted at in

the present aphorism. As the name Siva refers to the universal consciousness which underlies

the manifested universe and forms the root of all expressions of Consciousness, this direct

method of attaining Self-realization and becoming established in the One Reality by piercing

through the different layers of consciousness is sometimes referred to as Siva-Yoga. As

pointed out above it can be used only by those who are spiritually mature and are able to take

this short-cut to the world of Reality which exists within and is the basis of the manifested

universe.

The question concerning the four states of Consciousness and what these states signify

has been dealt with thoroughly in a Chapter of Glimpses into the Psychology of Yoga and it is

not necessary to go into this question here in detail. What the student should note is that it is

possible for the properly qualified aspirant to pierce through these different states which are

hidden within his waking consciousness and come into direct contact with the universal

consciousness of Siva of which they are a partial and centralized expression.

The names of these four states of consciousness are well known: jagrat, svapna,

susupti and turiya. The first three function within the realm of manifestation, while turiya or

“the Fourth State” is beyond the realm of manifestation. The next three aphorisms indicate to

some extent, the nature of the first three states of consciousness, but it should be noted that in

the present context the words used for these three states are used in a much wider sense. In the

Chapter on “The Four States of Consciousness” referred to above, the words were used for the

limited consciousness of an ordinary individual but here they are meant to denote the essential

nature of each of these states in its universal aspect, not only on the physical plane but on all

the planes of manifestation.

It should also be remembered that this direct method of penetrating through the

different layers of consciousness and attaining Self-realization is based upon meditation or

Sakti-Cakra referred to in the previous aphorism. Consciousness becomes differentiated into

different states on passing through the Mahabindu and becomes integrated when its direction

is reversed and it is re-established in the world of Reality which is referred to as “the Fourth

State” or Turiya avastha. The manifested world is then also seen as an integral part of the One

Reality and the distinction between the Unmanifest and the manifest disappears.

30

Let us now take each of these three states dealt with in the next three aphorisms and

consider what it implies in its wider sense.

all knowledge obtained by direct contact with the external world through

is

included within the category of the waking state of consciousness.

I-8.

“The jagrat or waking state of consciousness comprises, in its widest sense, all

knowledge when the subjective Self is in direct contact with the objective world around him

on any plane.”

The jagrat state of consciousness is ordinarily considered to be the waking state of

consciousness on the physical plane If we extend, its meaning by taking into account the

super-physical planes also, then the jagrat state is the state of consciousness on any plane in

which it is centred and with whose objects it is in direct contact. But in the present aphorism

its significance is made still more comprehensive by considering all the planes of the universe

in their totality and regarding the expression of consciousness on any of these planes as the

expression of the Universal Consciousness through a particular Atmic Centre on a particular

plane at a particular time.

It should be noted that whatever the mature of knowledge, whether it is obtained by

direct contact of the mind with the objective world or by pure thought in which there is no

contact with the external world, the illuminating power of Atmic Consciousness is always

behind the mind in which the knowledge is present at a particular time. The consciousness

radiating from the Atmic Centre through all the planes of manifestation not only provides the

radiating and illuminating power to the mind working on any plane but also imparts

significance to what is present in the mind in the form of knowledge This significance will, of

course, vary from individual to individual according to the stage of his evolution and mental

background but its source is always, the light of consciousness radiating from the Atma.

The aspirant should also be on guard against the illusions inherent even in the sensory

knowledge obtained by the direct contact of the mind with the objective world. This

knowledge, though it is direct and seemingly, reliable, is full of serious defects and gross

illusions. The tricks which our sense-organs play on us and the obvious illusions which are

31

inherent in such knowledge make this kind of direct knowledge less reliable than knowledge

based upon reason. Even Science now recognizes the deceptive and illusory nature of sensory

knowledge and places more reliance on knowledge based upon reason as Einstein's Theory of

Relativity has demonstrated conclusively. The direct perception of “realities” in one's

consciousness in the Enlightened state should not be confused with the direct perception of

“objects” by the mind with or without the help of the sense-organs.

the so-called dream state of consciousness (comprises)

all knowledge

obtained by the independent activity of the mind when it is not in contact with the external

world.

I-9.

“The svapna or dream state of consciousness comprises, in its widest,

philosophical sense, all knowledge present in the mind when the subjective Self is engaged in

mental activity in isolation from the objective world around him.”

Both the Sanskrit words used in the aphorism are words of deep significance and have

been used in their widest sense. The word svapna which refers to the dream state of

consciousness means to the ordinary man the chaotic activity of the mind when he is

dreaming in sleep. But that is not the meaning of the word in the present context. It stands for

all activity of the mind in which it is not in contact with the world outside through the sense-

organs or which does not depend upon such contact. A mathematician solving mentally a

mathematical problem, a novelist writing a story, are engaged in mental activity which does

not require any contact with the external world and from the point of view of this philosophy

their consciousness is in the svapna state. It is true that in such a case mental images derived

from contact with the external world may be present on the periphery of their consciousness

but they are irrelevant to the activity in which they are engaged at the moment. It will be seen

therefore that the characteristic feature of the svapna state is the absence of contact or

dependence upon the external world for the mental activity in which the individual is

engaged. What has been said above applies to mental activity not only on the physical plane

but on all the planes of manifestation.

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The Sanskrit word vikalpa has also not been used in the present context in its ordinary

sense. As generally understood, vikalpa means mental activity which is characterized by

doubt, uncertainty and alternation of mental states in considering the pros and cons of a

problem. But here it means all kinds of mental activities which are carried on by the mind

independently without contact with the external world through the sense-organs. These

activities may range from ordinary reverie or day-dreaming to the intense activity of the mind

in meditation in trying to reach the Samadhi state.

That such a wide use of the word vikalpa is permissible will be clear from the feet that

in Pratyabhijna Hrdayam, aphorism 18, vikalpa-ksaya is prescribed as one of the important

means of unfolding the Divine potentialities which are hidden in the Centre of Consciousness.

Here the phrase is used obviously in a very wide sense and corresponds approximately to the

phrase citta-vrtti-nirodha in aphorism I-2 of the Yoga-Sutras.

inability to distinguish between the Real and the unreal, lack of Self-

awareness

caused by Maya or the Great Illusion which makes us see the objective

world as different from the Self instead of seeing the two as two aspects of the One Reality

the third state of consciousness in which there is awareness but no pratyaya in the

mind.

I-10. “The susupti or dreamless state of consciousness comprises, in its widest,

philosophical sense, all knowledge within the realm of the mind because it is based on lack of

awareness of the One Reality caused by Maya.”

The essential nature of aviveka or absence of viveka is lack of self-awareness. In the

case of ordinary deep sleep, called susupti, the lack of self-awareness should be interpreted in

the sense of lack of awareness of self which is present, more or less, in all kinds of

experiences in the jagrat or svapna state of consciousness. In the case of aviveka in the

highest sense in which the word is used in the present aphorism, this lack of awareness

pertains to our Real nature which is characteristic of all illusory life in the realm of

manifestation. This latter which is the subtlest kind of lack of Self-awareness and

characterizes all individuals who have not yet attained Self-realization is caused by Maya, the

33

Great Illusion which deprives the Monad of the awareness of his Divine nature and makes his

evolution on the lower planes of manifestation possible. This Illusion lasts until the Divine

potentialities of the Monad are adequately unfolded and he regains knowledge of his true

Divine nature in Self-realization. As the spiritual nature of an individual begins to unfold,

spiritual viveka begins to develop in an increasing manner and the individual is able to pierce

through the illusions and glamour of the worldly life more and more easily. But this process is

completed and the influence of Maya disappears completely only on attaining Self-realization.

Here again we should note, that the Sanskrit word susupti is used in a very subtle

sense. It has really nothing to do with the ordinary dreamless sleep which every normal

human being experiences every night. This ordinary susupti state is a state of consciousness in

which there is not only no content or pratyaya in the mind as in the jagrat or svapna state, but

there is also no awareness of the self which is-present, more or less, in these two states.

Why is the state of aviveka (non-discrimination) which characterizes ordinary human

life compared to the susupti state? Because the knowledge of the mind, whatever its nature, is

illusory from the highest point of view and therefore unreal. And also because there is

absence of awareness of our Real nature or Self with a capital S. We live our whole life

completely unaware of our Real nature even though we may think and be convinced that we

are essentially Divine in nature. Let the serious student ponder this profound truth.

triple (state), the state in which the three previously mentioned states have become

fused or integrated, a triad, a group of three

experiencer, one who is able to function in

this triple state

is the lord of all powers, is omnipotent within the limited sphere of

manifestation.

I-11. “He in whose consciousness all these three states have become fused into one

integrated state can wield all powers within that limited realm of manifestation.”

In order to understand the real significance of this aphorism it is necessary first to

recall a few fundamental Occult doctrines. The first of these is that the Universal

Consciousness is the basis of manifestation and the manifested universes which appear in the

eternal alternation of srsti and pralaya are the result of the Divine Ideation which takes place

in this Universal Consciousness.

34

The second doctrine we have to recall is that before his consciousness can become

united with the Supreme Consciousness it is necessary for the individual to realize that he is a

pure spirit or a centre of individual consciousness in the Universal Consciousness and not the

bodies in which the individual Spirit is encased. For this, he must tread the path of Yoga until

he has transcended, step by step, the whole mental mechanism of manifestation in which his

consciousness is involved and imprisoned, and realize by direct experience that he is nothing

but a centre of pure consciousness and the mental mechanism in which he is encased is

merely a medium and instrument through which the Divine Consciousness and Power

descend and enable the individual Consciousness to function in the world of manifestation on

all the planes. When this state is reached his consciousness is freed from all the illusions and

limitations of the manifested world except one, and that is the illusion of a separate identity,

the consciousness of the fact that he is an individual, though purely spiritual in nature and

distinct from the world of manifestation in which he is involved. This is the freedom of the

Purusa from Prakrti which is called Kaivalya in Sankhya philosophy.

It is only when the realization of being a pure Spirit or Atma has been attained that it is

possible to achieve the final goal of union of the Atma with the Paramatma, the Supreme

Spirit which exists eternally beyond the manifested universe and from which the manifested

universe is derived. When this final realization has been attained and union of Atma with

Paramatma has been brought about there is not only a complete sharing of consciousness

between the two but also of the infinite Power which is inherent in the Universal

Consciousness.

This aphorism deals only with the state in which the individual has realized himself as

a pure Spirit or individual Atma and thereby gains all the knowledge and power which are

inherent in such an individualized Centre of Spiritual Consciousness and which are referred to

as omniscience and omnipotence in aphorism III-49 of the Yoga-Sutras. The next and the last

stage in which this subtlest centre of egoism is also dissolved and perfect union of Atma and

Paramatma is attained and the Consciousness and Power become infinite is referred to in

aphorism III-25 of Siva-Sutras and aphorism IV-31 of Yoga-Sutras.

The limited omniscience and omnipotence which results from the realization of the

individual as a purely spiritual being, which has been referred to above, follows the fusion of

the first three states of Consciousness—jagrat, svapna and susupti—into one state, and the

unlimited Omniscience and Omnipotence results from the realization of the Turiya or the

fourth state which is referred to in aphorism II-5 and III-25 of Siva-Sutras.

35

The student should note the significance of the Sanskrit word tritaya which means

“triple”. Although the word means “triple,” this triplicity should be considered here as a state

in which the three are fused in one state and are therefore indistinguishable. It is only such an

integrated state in which any kind of power within the limited realm of manifestation can be

inherent and can be exercised by the individual who has attained this state of consciousness

and is called viresa in the aphorism under discussion.

It is necessary to distinguish between the powers which are acquired on the realization

that he is a pure Spirit or Atma and those which are attained when he is able to destroy the last

vestige of egoism and his consciousness becomes united with that of Paramatma. The former,

though tremendous in some respects, are still limited, while the latter which are really the

Powers of the Supreme Spirit are infinite and can manifest through the centre of

consciousness of a Self-realized individual because there is fusion of the individual

consciousness with the Supreme Consciousness and the channel between the two is open.

Siva-Sutras deals with both kinds of powers and it is easy to distinguish between the two and

the methods which are adopted in acquiring them.

wonderful, amazing, astonishing

in practice of yoga the

states and

experiences gained in different stages.

I-12. “The states attained and experiences gained in the different stages of Yogic

practice are really astonishing.”

Immersed as we are in the dark and murky atmosphere of the lower worlds we have

not the slightest idea of the splendours hidden within our own mind and consciousness. We

are like an individual born in a dark dungeon who has never seen the light of day and the

wonderful and beautiful panoramas of Nature outside. It is therefore natural that when our

consciousness begins to expand and come into contact with the inner worlds hidden within the

physical world we should experience an extraordinary feeling of wonder and astonishment

that such things can be. This feeling is not an isolated experience but is repeated in a more

intense form every time our consciousness is able to break through a new barrier and emerge

into a world of greater beauty and splendour. For the involvement of consciousness is a

36

progressive process as it descends, plane by plane, into the lower worlds and so the expansion

and unfoldment of consciousness is also a progressive process and every expansion brings

new and unimaginable splendours in view. It is not merely a reflection of the same beauty and

splendour in a more intense and subtler form. The emergence of worlds of higher dimensions

introduces new aspects and kinds of beauty and splendour and so the process of unfoldment of

consciousness is accompanied by ever-increasing splendours which keep us spell-bound until

we get used to them and then want to dive into deeper depths.

We read about these things in the literature of many religions but that does not mean

much. For, in the first place we generally do not have any real faith in these descriptions given

usually in hyperbolic language and pertaining in most cases to conditions after the death of

the physical body. In the second place, we cannot visualize these realities which are so

different from the realities of the physical world and of which we have not even a qualitative

experience. These worlds therefore do not mean much to us until we experience them after

going through a rigorous course of Yogic discipline. We come into contact with these worlds

in stages, which is what the Sanskrit word bhumikah implies.

will-power of Siva manifesting in the practice of Yoga

a name of the

Consort of Siva

maiden not yet wedded, not truly infinite as it is when knowledge of

Ultimate Reality is attained.

I-13. “The Divine Power working through such a Yogi, still confined within the

realm of manifestation, though astonishing, is still unwedded to the Divine Consciousness of

Siva in the Unmanifest and is therefore not truly infinite.”

The subsequent aphorisms hint at some of the powers which are developed in a Yogi

in whom Divine Consciousness begins to unfold automatically or with a little effort owing to

the impulse which comes from above from the Consciousness of Siva or Sambhu. Such a

spiritually developed individual has already unfolded his potential powers in previous lives

and it is only a question of making active what is already present in him in a potential form.

The question arises as to what is the source of this extraordinary impulse which comes

from above in the case of these highly advanced souls. The aphorism under discussion seeks

37

to answer this question. The extraordinary impulse for this rapid and natural development

comes from the icchasakti or Will-Power of Siva which is the ultimate motivating and guiding

force behind the whole evolutionary scheme working out in the manifestation of a universe. In

the Unmanifest this Divine Will-Power exists in a potential form, in the all-embracing,

integrated Consciousness of Siva. But when manifestation has to take place and a manifested

universe has to come into existence in the eternal alternation of srsti and pralaya this potential

power must become partially active to provide the driving force behind the manifested system

and to provide the basic material constituting the universe.

The potential Will-Power which is inherent in the Consciousness of Siva is referred to

as Uma in the present aphorism, Uma being one of the many names given to this Divine

Power which is considered as a Consort of Siva in Hindu symbolism. It is this potential Will-

Power which is the ultimate source of the many Divine Powers which are working and driving

the machinery of the manifested universe. It is called kumari or virgin because it always

remains unsoiled by the disturbances and distortions which characterize the manifested state.

When it has been made active and becomes involved in the process of manifestation, it is

generally referred to as Durga. This does not mean that the potential Power disappears when

manifestation takes place. It is infinite and inexhaustible and the manifested universe is

merely a very limited expression of it for a limited purpose and for a limited time. When

pralaya takes place, this active power again becomes potential and merged in Divine

Consciousness.

the objective world around him

appears as his body.

I-14. “The objective world around such a Yogi appears as his own body owing to the

expansion of his consciousness.”

The enigmatic statement in the above aphorism, that the objective world around the

individual who has attained realization of his Real nature becomes his body, will appear

absurd unless we have some idea of the underlying philosophy of Yoga. According to this

philosophy, the Universal Consciousness not only embraces and pervades the universe but

contains it in a mental form. In other words, if we perceive the universe from the point of

38

view of this Universal Consciousness it appears as the embodiment of this Universal

Consciousness in the same way as our body appears to our limited consciousness. The subject

of centralization of Universal Consciousness both in its subjective and objective aspects has

been dealt with in a very masterly manner in Pratyabhijna Hrdayam and if the serious student

studies this short but illuminating treatise he will get a clear idea of how the simultaneous

centralization and contraction of Universal Consciousness in its subjective aspect leads to the

formation of the individual Atma or Monad and in its objective aspect to the formation of the

whole set of vehicles through which this Atma functions on the different planes of

manifestation and which in their totality are referred to as sariram in this aphorism.

So, it should be clear how when consciousness expands from its limited state of citta

or mind to its ultimate state of cetana or pure consciousness its instrument of expression

should also expand from the individual body to the whole universe. It is merely an expansion

of consciousness and its freedom from the limitations of the vehicles in which it was

imprisoned that has taken place and the result indicated in the aphorism follows naturally as a

matter of course.

the centre of consciousness which serves as an instrument of the real Self on the

different planes.

mind

meeting, interaction

the objective world perceived

through the sense-organs

dream, dream-like nature

becomes aware of.

I-15. “On the perception of the interaction of consciousness and mind in the centre

of consciousness the objective world produced in the mind of the Yogi is seen as a dream,

i.e., as a purely imaginary phenomenon.”

In order to understand the real significance of this important aphorism we must try to

grasp the deeper significance of the various words used to convey the underlying profound

idea to the student.

The first word whose real meaning in the present context we should understand

thoroughly is hrdaya. This Sanskrit word is used in mystic and Occult literature to denote

primarily the centre of consciousness through which consciousness functions as

consciousness and not as mind. The same centre is used also for the functioning of the mind at

39

various levels but in that case the centre or point is generally referred to as manobindu or “the

point through which mind functions”. This distinction between the functions of the common

centre is very important, for, if we keep it in mind it will enable us to understand easily many

problems of Yogic psychology, for example, how consciousness can serve as the background

and illuminating power behind all mental phenomena, how Divine powers which are

associated with Divine consciousness can descend through the vehicles of an individual

Monad, and after being differentiated into various powers and energies, perform various

functions in these vehicles. Consciousness and mind, according to the Occult doctrine, are of

the same nature essentially, the former being the integrated form and the latter the

differentiated form of the same Reality. Not only are they of the same nature essentially but

their functioning is intimately mixed together in producing the phenomena of the manifested

world.

If this is so, then it follows that one whose consciousness has reached the deepest level

and is established in the Common Centre must be aware of the facts mentioned above,

namely, how mind and consciousness are Essentially of the same nature, function from the

same centre, change into each other and produce the infinite variety of phenomena which

constitute the manifested universe.

And if as a result of the above realization he becomes actively aware of the fact that

the manifested universe is a mental creation of the Cosmic Logos and an individual world that

of an individual mind, the phenomenal and illusory nature of these objective worlds becomes

quite apparent and not merely a matter of conviction. He can see them coming into existence

as a result of mental activity and disappearing when that mental activity stops.

It has been explained in other contexts that the Sanskrit word svapna when used in its

philosophical sense does not mean dream, purely subjective or illusory, in the ordinary sense

in which the common man understands the word. It is used to indicate the purely mental

nature of a phenomenon without a material basis which is taken for granted by the ordinary

man in observing and experiencing these phenomena.

The fact according to the Occult doctrine is neither that the manifested universe is

material in nature as Expounded by the materialistic philosophy of Science nor that it is a

mere illusion or hallucination created in our mind subjectively, but a definite mental

phenomenon produced by the mental activity of a Logos or a Monad. The illusion lies in not

seeing it as such a mental activity or in considering such a mental activity as something

outside or independent of the One Reality besides which or outside which nothing can

possibly exist.

40

It is necessary to note carefully that these realizations of a fundamental nature can

come only when our consciousness is established in the Great Point from which the mental

universe is projected and not before at least a glimpse of the One Reality has been obtained.

There are many serious aspirants and learned students of philosophy who are naive enough to

imagine that they have realized the illusory nature of the world they live in and are therefore

free from its illusions. They take their convictions based upon mere thought for realizations of

the fundamental realities of life because they have not developed even a rudimentary sense of

spiritual discrimination or viveka which can distinguish between thought and realization.

the Principle of pure Consciousness or Reality, the Sat aspect of the Self

by contemplation of, by performing Samyama on

or

the capacity to

neutralize the power which binds the soul to samara, the power of Liberating oneself from the

illusions of samara.

I-16. “By contemplation on the Reality in its purity is attained the capacity to

counteract the power which binds the soul to the unreal world.”

It has been shown in the last aphorism how the individual whose consciousness is

centred in the Great Point is able to see the joint action of mind and consciousness through

this common Centre and is really poised between two worlds—the Real world of

Consciousness and the unreal world of the mind.

After reaching this stage in the thrust of consciousness towards its source, naturally the

consciousness can emerge in the world of Pure Consciousness which is referred to as suddha-

tattva in the above aphorism. The emergence of consciousness in the realm of the One Reality

is followed by tremendous changes and realizations some of which are hinted at in some of

the aphorisms of Yoga-Sutra or Siva-Sutra. In the above aphorism only one aspect of this

tremendous change is hinted at. This is referred to by the enigmatic phrase apasu-sakti.

According to the Occult doctrine the involvement of a Monad in the world of

manifestation for the unfoldment of his Divine potentialities is brought about by a definite

Divine Power which is generally referred to as Maya in Hindu philosophy and as avidya in

the Yoga-Sutras. It is this Power which keeps the Monad in bondage as long as he has not

41

achieved the purpose of involvement in the world of manifestation. Naturally, when this

purpose has been accomplished on Self-realization the Monad rises above the control of this

Power.

ordinarily means deliberation of reasoning but in the present context it means

the whole mental process in which the cit aspect of the Self is brought into play and samadhi

is ultimately attained

the knowledge of Atma, the individual Spirit in man.

I-17. “By controlling and ultimately suppressing the activity of the individual mind

is attained knowledge of the Atma or the individual Spirit in man.”

In considering this aphorism we should remember that in this Chapter we are dealing

chiefly with some of the powers and states of consciousness which appear in the case of a

highly evolved individual as a result of the Divine impulse which comes from above—from

Sambhu or the universal consciousness referred to generally as Siva. That is the significance

of the heading of the chapter Sambhavopaya.

Those who are familiar with die theory and technique of Yoga as outlined in Yoga-

Sutras will remember that this technique is based on the control, manipulation and ultimate

cessation of the activities of the mind or citta. The ultimate object of this self-discipline is

Atma-jnana or direct knowledge of the Atma or the individual Spirit in man, but this object is

gained through meditation involving the triple process of dharana, dhyana and samadhi.

Emotion does not play any part in this discipline, although an intense desire for Liberation is a

necessary condition for gaining success in samadhi as indicated by the aphorism Tivra-

samveganam asannah (I-21). The present aphorism refers to this purely intellectual process of

gaining knowledge of our Real nature.

The Sanskrit words tarka and vitarka both mean “reasoning,” “deliberation,” etc., but

reasoning and deliberation accompanied by doubt and uncertainty owing to different points of

view being taken into account by the mind alternately. The ordinary mind deals with the

external appearances of realities and cannot have any real knowledge of the realities

themselves because its activities are confined to the superficial aspects of these realities and

do not penetrate into the deeper realms of mind and consciousness. It is only in the practice of

42

Yoga that the mind is made to go into these deeper realms of consciousness and try to come

into direct contact with the realities hidden behind the appearances.

The word vitarka in the present context should not be taken in its ordinary sense

referred to above. Here the prefix vi in vitarka gives a clue to the real significance of the word

in this aphorism. This prefix means “disjunction,” “inactivity,” etc., so vitarka here means

functioning of the mind without any doubt or uncertainty owing to the complete absence of

alternate, external aspects of the reality we are trying to know. This freedom from alternatives

and contradictions is possible only when the usual constant activity of the mind is replaced by

citta-vrtti-nirodha and the reality which is hidden within the mental conception is revealed, by

going through the mental discipline outlined in Yoga. So, this aphorism refers to die whole

technique of Yoga as outlined in Yoga-Sutra. But, of course, since in this case the effort is

reinforced by the Divine impulse from above the result is achieved easily and rapidly.

the bliss which pervades the manifested worlds on account of their being an

expression of the Sat-Cit-Ananda aspects of the One Reality

by contemplation of

the ananda aspect of the Self in Samadhi.

I-18. “By contemplation on the ananda aspect of the Self, as in the case of a

devotee, the Yogi becomes aware of the bliss which pervades the manifested worlds.”

It is a well-known doctrine of Occultism that in spite of the disharmonies and violent

disturbances we find when we look at life superficially there is present eternally at the heart of

the universe an exquisite harmony, unimaginable bliss and “peace that passeth

understanding”. This inner state of peace, harmony and bliss which is in such marked contrast

with the outer state of disharmony and disturbance can be experienced in an increasing

manner if we penetrate deeper and deeper into the inner realms of Consciousness. This is not

merely a theoretical possibility but every practical mystic and Occultist has borne testimony

to this supreme fact of existence, which has given hope and encouragement to all aspirants

who are still struggling with their conflicts and weaknesses in order to reach this inner heaven

of peace and bliss.

43

Although the existence of such a state of unimaginable bliss and harmony is believed

in by the vast majority of religious people and those who are convinced about the spiritual

basis of the universe, few have any clear idea as to how this inner source of happiness can be

reached or make any serious effort in this direction. A vague and feeble sense of satisfaction

is all that the ordinary religious man hopes for when he engages himself in religious practices

and tries to lead a religious life according to his highest ideals.

The reason for this anomaly lies in the fact that there is no clear idea in the minds of

these people with regard to the method which has to be adopted in establishing real contact

with this inner world, and if there is, few are prepared to go through the prolonged and

difficult self-discipline which is required for achieving this end.

It is the Science of Yoga which alone gives a clear-cut and systematic method for

becoming aware of this ocean of bliss and harmony in which the universe is immersed and

which is hidden in its fullness within the heart of every human being. It is this unimaginable

state of perfect bliss which lies hidden within the heart of the universe which is referred to in

the present aphorism as lokananda and it is the method of gaining it which is indicated in the

phrase samadhi-sukham. The aphorism states clearly and unequivocally that this bliss called

ananda can be experienced and it can be experienced only in samadhi when the path of Yoga

is trodden in a systematic manner.

Not only can this lokananda or inner bliss be experienced but there is a particular

branch of Yoga which deals with the method of experiencing the ananda aspect of Reality as

opposed to its sat aspect referred to in the previous aphorism. This method or the path which

is trodden to experience and become established permanently in this ocean of bliss is called

Bhakti Marga or the Path of Love.

The Divine Power which is the basis of the objective universe

by

contemplation on

body

creation.

I-19. “By contemplation on the Divine Power which is the basis of the objective

world the Yogi can see how all bodies are created by this Power and with this knowledge can

create them.”

44

This aphorism points out the result of the attainment of direct knowledge regarding the

nature of Divine Power by contemplation. The Sanskrit word samdhana which is used

frequently in Siva-Sutra is almost equivalent to the word samyama used in the Yoga-Sutras,

but there is a subtle difference between the connotations of the two words which the student

should keep in mind. The technique of samdhana is based on iccha-sakti while that of

samyama is based upon the triple process of dharana, dhyana and samadhi. The former

depends upon the sheer power of will of the Atma and can be utilized only by those who are

already developed spiritually and have merely to recapitulate the unfoldment of consciousness

in the present life. It is a remarkable fact how easily the great sages and teachers of the world

religions acquired their knowledge of the highest truths and even that of the ultimate Truth

without undergoing the tedious and strenuous training of Yoga. This is due to the fact that

they are already mature spiritually and the highest knowledge wells up within them naturally

with the slightest stimulation by will force. What will take many lives of effort for the

ordinary aspirant comes to them with little effort in the required direction.

There is a great principle underlying this rapid progress made by spiritually mature

souls. The greatest souls have to regain the direct knowledge of their Real nature—Self-

realization—all over again in each incarnation. But the more highly advanced they are the

more easily is this knowledge regained on making the necessary effort in that direction.

It is necessary to remember that different Sanskrit words have different meanings or

connotations in different contexts. Here the word sakti does not mean Divine Power in general

but the Divine Power which lies at the basis of and keeps together any kind of body or sarira

with a structural basis. In the Vibhuti-pada of Yoga-Sutra, samyama has been recommended

on different objects for gaining knowledge concerning their structure or function. In the

present aphorism samdhana or contemplation on Sakti is recommended for gaining

knowledge concerning the forces which by their interaction and coordination create and

maintain a particular kind of vehicle of consciousness.

by contemplation on the nature of the panca-bhutas

the capacity to

analyse and separate them

to see how the universe and the objects within it have

been built or put together.

45

I-20. “By contemplation on the nature of the panca-bhutas or the five Cosmic

Elements the Yogi gains the capacity to analyse and separate them and thus to find out how

the universe and the objects within have been built or put together through their

instrumentality.”

In order to understand the inner significance of this aphorism it is necessary to

remember that according to the Occult doctrine the universe is essentially mental in nature

and the mental phenomena are produced through the agency of the five Cosmic Principles

which are referred to in Sanskrit as Panca-bhutas or Panca-tattvas. The sensations which

provide the raw material for the mind to work with no doubt arise from vibrations produced

by so-called material elements which modern Chemistry deals with, but these material

elements are merely the instruments of the Panca-bhutas. On account of their being the most

fundamental Principles underlying manifestation, their nature and functions are not easy to

understand. Whatever little light has been thrown on this mysterious question in the Occult

doctrine has already been dealt with in other contexts and it is therefore not necessary to go

into this matter here.

Since the mental phenomena are the result of the joint action of the Panca-bhutas in

different combinations it is obvious that the Yogi should acquire the ability to analyse these

complex combinations and separate them into their elements before he can understand the true

nature of the mental phenomena, acquire complete control over them and produce them as

required by his will-power. The process is not unlike the analysis of various complex material

substances in Chemistry. This enables the chemist to understand clearly the nature of the

complex substance and also to synthesize it by adopting the proper means. Since the Panca-

bhutas are the most fundamental principles underlying manifestation, knowledge regarding

their true nature can be acquired only by direct perception of their real nature by the technique

of samadhi. This is possible only by samdhana or contemplation on their real nature.

It is interesting to note how the same problem and its sedation has teen dealt with in a

somewhat different manner in the Yoga-Sutras of Patanjali in aphorism III-46. The next two

aphorisms of this treatise also give some idea regarding the nature of the powers which are

acquired as a result of gaining mastery over the Panca-bhutas. Siva-Sutra throws some light

on other aspects of panca-bhutas in aphorisms III-5, 6 and 42. The study of all these

aphorisms in the two treatises will enable the student to understand more clearly the

significance of the aphorism under discussion and show incidentally the advantage of

studying a problem from different points of view.

46

the pure integrated knowledge pertaining to the principle underlying all kinds

of techniques

on the dawning of

mastery over the Great Centre through which

Divine Power descends into a manifested system

attainment.

I-21. “On the dawning of the pure integrated knowledge pertaining to the principle

underlying all kinds of techniques, the Yogi acquires mastery over the Great Centre through

which Divine Power descends into manifestation in order to perform its multifarious

functions.”

Both Siva-Sutra and Yoga-Sutra distinguish clearly between the knowledge of the

mind which deals with the facts of a manifested system and the knowledge of Reality which

embraces both the manifest and the unmanifest. Atma-jnana confers omniscience and

omnipotence of a limited nature within the realm of the manifested system present in the

consciousness of the individual Atma, while knowledge of Paramatma which is referred to as

Suddhavidya in the present aphorism confers true Omniscience and Omnipotence which is

infinite and all-embracing.

What is the real nature of a cakra? It is well known that any kind of manifestation

takes place through a point and is brought about by Divine Consciousness through the agency

of the Divine Power descending through the Great Point, called Mahabindu in Sanskrit. When

Divine Power flows from a higher to a lower plane through a point it churns up the matter of

the lower plane round that point and it is this centrifugal phenomenon which gives the

appearance of a cakra. There are generally several cakras working in a vehicle performing

different functions, but all of them derive their respective powers from the Central Divine

Power and are rooted in the Central Sakti-cakra of which all cakras may be considered as a

reflection and expression.

Naturally, when the transcendental knowledge of Reality is gained, the infinite Divine

Power which is inherent in the Reality and which descends through the Central Sakti-cakra is

also acquired at the same time. As pointed out in other contexts also, knowledge and power

are co-relatives and true knowledge with regard to anything is accompanied by the

corresponding power to utilize that knowledge for solving any problem within the limited

47

sphere of that knowledge. It is control over this Central Sakti-cakra through which universal

Divine Power descends from the unmanifest into the manifest which is referred to in the

Sanskrit phrase cakresatva in this aphorism.

the infinite reservoir of Divine Energy hidden within the Centre of Divine

Consciousness

by contemplation on

the integrated power of sound present

in all mantras through which they achieve their respective aims

gain experience or

awareness of.

I-22. “By contemplation on the infinite reservoir of Divine Energy hidden within the

Centre of Divine Consciousness is gained awareness of the integrated power of Sound present

in all mantras through which they achieve their respective aims.”

It was explained in the last aphorism how a cakra is nothing but a centre for the

descent of Divine-Power in a vehicle functioning in a manifested system. This centre

indicates, however, the nature of the material instrument through which the power descends.

The present aphorism indicates the energy aspect of the same problem.

How does this integrated Divine Power descend and become the basis of the various

organisms and principles working in the system? By becoming differentiated and taking the

form of the infinite number of combinations of sounds which lie at the basis of these various

organisms and principles. As has been pointed out previously the whole structure of a

manifested system is based upon “Sound” and each organized object or principle has a

particular combination of sound as its underlying basis. It is these particular, specific

combinations of sounds which are called mantras in Siva-Sutras and other Occult literature.

These specific combinations of sounds can become the instrument for the expression of

Divine Energy in its integrated form and it is possible to become aware of this Reservoir of

Divine Energy by resorting to the mental technique recommended in this treatise, which is

called samdhana.

This infinite Reservoir of Divine Energy which lies hidden eternally behind the Great

Point and can provide any amount of energy for an infinite number of manifested systems in

the universe is referred to as mahahrada which means “the Great Lake”. And the integrated

48

power of “Sound” from which all mantras are derived is referred to as Mantra Virya or the

“Great Power of Mantra”. This phrase has practically the same significance as the Sanskrit

word Nada but refers particularly to the vibrational aspect of “Sound”.

It is natural that when samdhana is performed on the source of the integrated Power

which is the basis of all mantras the Yogi should become aware of that Power in his

consciousness and should then be able to know not only the sound basis of any mantra but

also be able to use that mantra for its particular purpose. The ability to use the power inherent

in any natural force comes spontaneously from a real awareness of the nature of that force.

49

SECTION II

SAKTOPAYA

50

THE ULTIMATE REALITY AND REALIZATION

mind

is based on mantra.

II-1.

“The basis of mind in its objective and structural aspect is the power inherent

in different combinations of Sounds.”

It has been pointed out in many contexts that mind is nothing but a differentiated state

of consciousness and thus a derivative of consciousness. How consciousness differentiates

into different states of mind is an interesting question and impossible to know in the real sense

until we can raise our consciousness to the level where this differentiation takes place and the

manner in which it is brought about. But by pointing out that citta or mind in its objective

aspect is nothing but mantra, the above aphorism throws a flood of light on the question

posed above.

A mantra, as every student of the Occult doctrine knows, is a particular combination

of letters but its power resides not in the letters themselves but in the specific sounds which

those letters represent. So, if the differentiated states of mind are nothing but mantras these

states must be basically “Sound,” the word being used in its widest sense of any vibration or

motion which can be represented by a mathematical formula.

So, it may be said in a general way that all the different states of mind, thoughts and

ideas are essentially motions, harmonic or otherwise. But motions in what? In consciousness.

Consciousness in its integrated and pure state is motionless or without any vrtti as we say in

Sanskrit. A particular kind of motion or vibration in this placid but unimaginable medium,

which may be of an infinite variety, at once gives rise to a thought or state of mind which

corresponds to and is mathematically related to the vibration or vrtti which has given rise to it.

The phenomenon is not unlike that of diffused white light falling upon a landscape and being

converted by the atoms and molecules of the illuminated objects into coloured lights which

are differentiated forms of white light. But for the presence of undifferentiated white light

falling everywhere we could not see the panorama of coloured objects in the landscape.

It is interesting to note in this connection the following famous but enigmatic verse in

Durga-saptasati, which tries to indicate the different stages of this descent of pure integrated

51

Divine Power into lower and lower forms, ultimately reduced to different combinations of

sounds constituting the objective base of the universe.

“O Divine Mother! Of mantras you are the vibrational ‘sound’ basis; in the case of

‘Sounds’ you are the different kinds of knowledge related to those ‘Sounds’; in the case of

these different forms of knowledge you are the different aspects of consciousness from which

those different forms of knowledge are derived; and it is only through your Power that the

Great Void of the Absolute in which all things in the manifest and the unmanifest are present

in a perfectly harmonized form, can be perceived.”

It will be seen from what has been stated in the above verse that it is matrka or a

particular kind of “Sound” which is the basis of a particular form of mental knowledge. So, if

we consider the manifested universe from a deeper point of view we can imagine it as an

ocean of thoughts and ideas on the subjective side and a flux of motions and vibrations on the

objective side. It is the same integrated consciousness which has been split into its subjective

and objective aspects and assumed the character of thoughts and ideas on the one hand and of

motions and vibrations on the other. The differentiation of consciousness into mind should be

considered in some such way to understand the profound significance of the aphorism under

discussion. It should be noted that in this differentiation of consciousness or cetana into citta

and mantra referred to in this aphorism the basic substance, consciousness, remains the same

and the mental world which comes into being is an interplay of mind and energy against the

background of the underlying consciousness.

This will also throw some light on the modus operandi of Mantra Yoga and show how

specific vibrations produced by japa (meditative repetition) of mantras can lead to the welling

up of specific kinds of knowledge in one's consciousness, and at a later stage, it becomes

possible by suppressing this mental knowledge, to become directly aware of the reality hidden

within this mental cloak of knowledge.

If we go further into the verse of the Durga-saptasati quoted above, we see that there

is a further state of Reality in which we transcend even integrated Consciousness and pass

into the Void State or Sunyavastha of the Absolute.

What is this ultimate state of the Absolute? In order to understand even partially the

nature of this State we will find it helpful if we consider the analogous phenomenon of light.

A spectrum of coloured lights can be converted into white light by passing it through a prism.

But is white light the ultimate state in considering the phenomena of light as a whole? No!

White light is also a vibration and this vibration can be neutralized by light of an opposite

phase just as two sets of waves on the surface of water can be made to disappear into a level

52

surface by arranging things in such a way that the ridges of the one set coincide with the

troughs of the other. The result of such mingling of two lights of opposite phases will be

complete darkness, neither coloured lights, nor white light but absolute absence of light or

complete darkness.

This darkness, though it is a complete absence of light, has yet the potentiality of

producing white lights of opposite phases and from these two can be produced two separate

worlds of coloured lights which are similar but of opposite phases. The recent researches in

different fields of Science which show the possibility of the existence of negative worlds give

new information on this interesting question.

Science has been able to investigate the relation between sensation and vibration

because both are on the physical plane. But there exist worlds subtler than the physical, and

vibrations in the matter of these worlds, which also have to be taken into account in our

mental life. As the whole manifested universe is a mental phenomenon, at the basis of this

phenomenon there must exist a vast unimaginably complicated system of motions and

vibrations, the two being related mathematically. The relations between different kinds of

thoughts and the vibrations which underlie them must be present in the Universal Mind and

all mental activities in the manifested universe must take place in accordance with these

mathematical relations embodied in the laws of Nature.

This extremely complicated system of vibrations of infinite variety is derived, on the

one hand, from the integrated vibration off “Sound” referred to as Nada, by a process of

differentiation. The infinite variety of mental phenomena are derived, on the other hand, from

the differentiation of integrated consciousness. The one is like a mirror image of the other and

every part in one has its counterpart in the other. It is only when we have such a clear though

very general idea with regard to the basis in vibration of the mental world that we can

understand the deeper significance of this aphorism which otherwise would sound enigmatic

if not absurd.

The above explanation will also show how it is possible to neutralize or initiate mental

activities or states by producing certain vibrations. In fact, the whole theory of Mantra Yoga

and Laya Yoga is based upon this fundamental principle.

53

persevering and intelligent effort based upon correct knowledge

is the

means of achieving.

II-2.

“Success in knowing the relation of mind and mantra and by utilizing this

relation to attain Self-realization can be gained only by persevering and intelligent effort

based upon correct knowledge.”

The knowledge of the fact that mental activity is based upon vibration and this

knowledge can be utilized for transcending the mind and attaining Self-knowledge is of vital

importance to the earnest aspirant who is determined to free himself from the illusions and

limitations of the lower worlds. But this knowledge can be obtained and utilized successfully

for reaching the ultimate goal of human life only by making persevering and continuous effort

in a systematic and scientific manner just as in the case of any other kind of discipline for

accomplishing any particular purpose.

Many aspirants have an entirely wrong impression with regard to these matters. They

think that as far as the things of the physical world are concerned we have to proceed in

achieving any particular purpose in a scientific manner and work in accordance with the laws

of Nature operating in that field of endeavour. But in dealing with problems of our mental and

spiritual life they imagine we can accomplish a particular purpose anyhow without having any

definite knowledge and applying it in a scientific manner. This is not true and cannot be true

in a universe governed by Law.

All systems of Yoga and self-discipline utilized in genuine schools of mysticism and

Occultism are based upon definite facts and laws of Nature operating in the subtler realms of

manifestation and a thorough knowledge of these laws and their correct application is

necessary for accomplishing any spiritual purpose. We cannot do this in a haphazard manner.

It may appear to a superficial observer that in the realm of mind and Spirit nothing is

definite and amenable to systematic treatment but this is a wrong impression created by lack

of discrimination and the influence of ordinary gurus who are prone to take upon their

shoulders the responsibility of gaining salvation for their disciples who do not want to do

anything themselves. As a matter of fact, a correct knowledge with regard to the methods of

self-discipline followed by a teacher and its proper application is absolutely necessary for

achieving any goal of spiritual endeavour.

It is true that the laws of spiritual life and mental discipline are not like the laws

governing matter of the physical plane and it may appear as if it is not possible to apply them

54

in a definite manner as in the case of laws of the physical plane. This is so because the more

we advance in the realm of the Spirit the less the rigidity and the greater the latitude for

movement and freedom of choice. But this does not mean that there are no laws governing the

activities on the spiritual planes. It is only that they cannot be defined precisely and cannot be

applied without exercising one's intelligence and sense of spiritual discrimination called

viveka in Sanskrit. It is this fact which is hinted at in aphorism II-18 of Light on the Path.

The conditions of the spiritual realms are so different from those of the lower planes

that it only appears as if there are no definite laws operating in those realms and a condition of

almost lawlessness prevails in them. Another way of expressing the same idea is to say that

the process of spiritual unfoldment is a pathless Path which can be trodden only with the help

of the light which comes from within oneself. This impression of indefiniteness is produced

by the fact that the sweep and inclusiveness of the Great Law governing the universe becomes

so wide that it seems to disappear into nothingness.

Why is this so? Because all laws working in the realm of manifestation are derived

from an integrated Law called the Law of Dharma by a process of differentiation. As is well

known, in the integrated state of a Principle, no particular differentiated parts or aspects are

discernible. Not only is this so, but also as we approach the world of Reality a progressive

integration of minor aspects of the Principle takes place and the resulting laws which are also

derived from the Great Law become smaller and smaller in number but more and more

comprehensive and generally applicable. It is this fact which is symbolized by the Asvattha or

the inverted Tree of life mentioned in Occult literature. It will be easy to understand from

what has been said above why the laws of Nature appear to become more and more indefinite

as we penetrate into the deeper realms of Consciousness. Hence the necessity of developing

spiritual discrimination and alertness, so as to discern and apply the laws of the spiritual life

with more care and scrupulousness, becomes greater and greater.

It is necessary to note the significance of this aphorism in the present context. As has

been pointed out already the first section of Siva-Sutra called Sambhavopaya deals with the

process of unfoldment of Divine Consciousness in an individual who is already very highly

developed spiritually and so when he comes into a new incarnation the unfoldment of his

consciousness is very rapid and the corresponding powers begin to appear with very little

effort.

The second Section called Saktopaya which we are now discussing deals with the

unfoldment of consciousness and development of powers of a fully qualified disciple who has

already made considerable progress on the Path and has thus earned the right to be directly

55

and consciously helped by a true Sat-Guru who can invoke the Divine Power into the vehicles

of the disciple and temporarily raise the consciousness of the disciple to the required level in

initiations.

The Guru teaches the method and shows a vision of the goal but the actual effort to

apply the method and reach the goal has to be made by the disciple himself. The progress that

he makes in the present incarnation will naturally depend upon his previous evolution and the

intensity and duration of effort he makes in this present life. The subsequent aphorisms of this

Section show clearly that this method is applicable only to those aspirants who are spiritually

mature and can reach the goal o£ Enlightenment in the present life if they make the necessary

effort and are able to overcome the great temptations and difficulties of the last stages of the

Path of Liberation. Those who are not adequately equipped with the required qualifications

have to start from where they stand on the ladder of evolution and slowly and steadily toil

upwards with perseverance and determination.

In contrasting this section called Saktopaya in which the method is based upon the

adaptation of means to ends with the previous Section called Sambhavopaya it is necessary to

remember the important fact that spiritual will acts apparently without any external

instrument. It is for this reason that in the methods referred to under the section called

Sambhavopaya for attaining Self-realization or developing various powers we do not discern

any definite means for achieving a particular purpose. No doubt samdhana or contemplation

is used for gaining knowledge regarding a particular reality sought to be realized but this is

really the exertion of the mind to penetrate into the deeper layers of consciousness by sheer

will-power in order to find the reality hidden in it. It is the characteristic of will-power that it

concentrates itself on its objective and gains it anyhow by any means available. No particular

means is solely depended upon in gaining its objectives. In methods dealt with under

Sambhavopaya, it is the Divine will of Siva or Sambhu which acts from the highest plane and

brings about the results aimed at. It is far this reason that these methods as a whole are

referred to as Sambhavopaya.

In contrast to this, in the case of Visnu, it is wisdom which comes into play in

achieving any particular purpose. The object is gained anyhow in this case also but it is gained

by adopting very ingenious methods. There are many stories in the Puranas, such as those of

Hiranyakasipu or Bhasmasura, which illustrate in a very interesting manner this method based

upon wisdom.

In the case of Brahma a definite procedure is devised and tried, to gain the desired

object, and if this does not succeed another method is tried until the desired object is gained.

56

The possibility of error and failure is inherent in this method. That is why in the stories given

in the Puranas, Brahma is sometimes shown as seeking the help of Visntu when He finds that

He is unable to gain the object aimed at. These stories are, of course, allegorical but they are

meant to illustrate the differences between the methods based upon will, wisdom and intellect

respectively.

knowledge, both lower and higher, technique of acquiring knowledge

vehicle in which that knowledge is acquired

being, actual reality of

is the

secret of mantras.

II-3.

“Knowledge and its technique are based upon vibration and therefore the secret

of acquiring knowledge concerning the inner realities is hidden in the Science of mantras."

The aim of a student or aspirant is to acquire knowledge, lower or higher. How can

this knowledge be acquired? By adopting the proper means or the technique which has

already been developed for this purpose and is available to the student. It is only when he

adopts this technique which is called vidya in Sanskrit and pursues his aim perseveringly for a

sufficiently long time that he can succeed in achieving his object.

The knowledge concerning the inner realities of life and the technique of acquiring it

are both hidden in the mind and consciousness of the seeker and have to be dug out of these

realms by adopting methods which are effective and have been found by those who have

adopted them to give the required result.

Ordinary knowledge concerning external objects or matters of common experience can

be acquired by reading books, by observation or by verbal communication from those who are

in possession of that knowledge. But the knowledge of the inner realities which exist within

the deeper layers of mind and consciousness can be acquired only by means which are purely

mental and which are dealt with in The Science of Yoga. One of the most important means

available for this purpose is the science of mantras which is dealt with in Mantra Yoga. The

second Section of Siva-Sutras, which we are discussing, deals with the method of acquiring

such knowledge with the help of mantras.

57

The student should note why this method has been used for the purpose of acquiring

knowledge concerning the inner realities of existence and ultimately knowledge of the One

Reality in which all these realities are contained in a perfectly harmonized and mysterious

form. As has been pointed out already the whole fabric of knowledge in the realm of mind is

based upon vibration as stated in the first aphorism of this Section. The Science of mantras is

the body or vehicle of this knowledge, as a whole, and naturally if we want any particular

kind of knowledge we must find out and use properly the particular mantra with the help of

which we can make that knowledge appear within our mind. Even if we want to acquire the

supreme knowledge of Reality which is beyond the realm of the mind we have to use a

technique based upon mantras and which is therefore within the realm of the mind. It may

appear anomalous that we have to adopt mental means for rising above the mind but this is a

fact based upon the experience of countless seekers after Truth. The significance of what is

stated in this enigmatic aphorism under discussion should be clear from what has been said

above.

within the womb in which the development of the manifested universe takes

place, i.e. Maya or Prakrti

mind

developed, unfolded

lower, not the

highest

knowledge

is the nature of a dream, is imaginary and therefore unreal.

II-4.

“The lower kind of knowledge which develops through the mind in the realm

of Maya or Prakrti is of the nature of a dream, i.e., purely imaginary and not real.”

It has been shown how all knowledge produced, in the mind by vibration of one kind

or another is like a dream, i.e. unreal. This applies to all such knowledge whether it is subtle

or gross, obtained on the physical plane or on the superphysical planes. It is the result of

illusion more or less of a gross or subtle kind, though we are not aware of this fact owing to

the influence of Maya which lies at the very basis of manifestation and produces this bheda-

bhava or the tendency to see the many in the One Reality.

The lowest kind of knowledge obtained through the sense-organs in the form of

sensations has been acknowledged even by Science to be illusory and deceptive and Science

no longer depends upon such knowledge in its pursuit of the reality which it considers to be

58

the basis of the manifested universe. In its effort to keep out mind and consciousness from the

philosophy of scientific materialism it has taken recourse to mathematics and elaborated an

incomprehensible conception of reality consisting of purely mathematical abstractions. Even

this abstract knowledge obtained without the help of sense-organs is produced by vibrations

taking place in the vehicle of the higher mind and is therefore illusory, although Science is not

aware of this fact known to Occultists. All such knowledge obtained in the realm of mind and

tainted by illusion is referred to as para-vidya in contradistinction to the knowledge of Reality

which is called apara-vidya in Sanskrit.

This distinction between the lower and the higher knowledge or between para-vidya

and apara-vidya has been brought out very clearly in the third chapter of Yoga-Sutra. In the

Vibhuti-pada are given some of the kinds of knowledge acquired in the realm of mind by

means of sabija-samadhi, each kind of knowledge being accompanied by the power which is

inherent in it. These powers are called vibhutis or siddhis in Yogic terminology, omniscience

and omnipotence being the highest kind of knowledge and the highest kind of power in the

realm of Prakrti.

This knowledge which is developed in the realm of the mind is quite different from

true knowledge which is Real and therefore eternal, self-existent and self-illuminative. It is

like the reflection of the Sun in a pool of dirty water which varies with the condition of the

water. It is extremely partial, and being merely an appearance is unreal.

This higher kind of knowledge and the method of obtaining it is referred to in the last

chapter of Yoga Sutras which is called Kaivalya Pada. It is acquired by a different mental

technique which is called nirbija-samadhi. The subtlest illusions created by the mind are

sought to be eliminated in the last stages of nirbija-samadhi by means of viveka and vairagya

practised in the most intensive manner and it is not until dharma-megha-samadhi is achieved

that true knowledge of Reality dawns in the consciousness of the Yogi and sets him free,

completely and permanently from the illusions and limitations which are inherent in the lower

kind of knowledge. This new land of knowledge which is real, permanent and irreversible and

is referred as nityodita-samadhi in Pratyabhijna-Hrdayam is the ultimate object of Yoga and

is called para-vidya. It is that transcendental knowledge of Reality which is referred to in the

next aphorism called Sivavastha.

59

pure and highest knowledge of Reality

which arises by adopting the proper

means

not vitiated by the limitations imposed by individuality, uncentralized, Self-

less

which can exist or move only in a Void State or Mahakasa

the Supreme

State of Reality, referred to as Siva.

II-5.

“The supreme knowledge, which arises in one's consciousness by adopting the

proper means, is not vitiated by the limitations of individuality, and can exist only in a Void

State beyond manifestation which is the Supreme State of Reality referred to as Siva."

Unlike the knowledge in the realm of the mind referred to in the previous aphorism the

knowledge which is found on Self-realization is Real, Self-existent and, Self-illuminative and

its vehicle is not anything of any objective nature in the realm of manifestation. Even a point

through which an individual Atma or Monad functions and which serves as a vehicle of

consciousness on the higher spiritual planes imposes tremendous limitations on Reality in its

expression in the manifested worlds. It is, therefore, only when consciousness goes beyond

this point, becomes free from constricting influences and emerges into the world of Reality

that it is possible for it to transcend all kinds of limitations and illusions and function in its

true and Real State which is nothing but pure universal Consciousness and is referred to as

Siva-vastha in the aphorism.

It is this Ultimate Reality which is the basis of both the unmanifest and the manifest

that is the ultimate object of Yoga and which every human being is destined to attain

ultimately. It is naturally impossible to comprehend the nature of this Reality, much less to

express it through the crude medium of language, but there is nothing more fascinating and

profound in occult and mystic literature than even the unsuccessful descriptions of this State

attempted by mystics, occultists and poets of all ages. The Upanisads and similar religious

and philosophical literature in Sanskrit are full of such attempts to describe the indescribable

and a careful study of this precious literature by an earnest aspirant, who has the necessary

potentiality, cannot but lift him up to a higher plane of being and fire him with the desire to

find this Secret of secrets hidden eternally within his own heart.

It is necessary to dwell for a while on the meaning of the words and phrases in this

important aphorism in order to grasp their deeper significance.

Vidya: The Sanskrit word vidya is used both for the lower and higher knowledge but here it is

used obviously for the higher knowledge, the knowledge of the Reality which transcends the

60

limitations and illusions of the manifested worlds and makes an individual who has attained it

a Liberated Mahatma.

Samutthane: The prefix sam in this word means “in the proper way”. This signifies that this

Supreme knowledge of Reality can be obtained not only by adopting the right means but also

utilizing those means in the correct way. A method may be right intrinsically but if it is

applied incorrectly or in an unintelligent manner it will not give the desired result as the

application of scientific laws and facts in technological developments proves again and again.

We should not forget that in this second Section called Saktopaya we are dealing with the

methods in which the initiative and effort of the disciple play a major role in his spiritual un-

foldment.

Svabhavike: The Sanskrit word svabhavika generally means “ belonging to one's own nature,”

“inherent,” and is usually interpreted in the sense of having its integrated, Real nature in the

unmanifest as opposed to the differentiated and unreal nature in the world of manifestation.

But it appears more appropriate to interpret this word in the present context as Self-less, or as

acting not from an individual Centre of Consciousness, but as a Whole. Every individual in

manifestation, right from an ordinary human being to a Logos, functions through a Centre

which centralizes the all-embracing and all-pervading Reality and limits not only

consciousness but also the powers which are inherent in this consciousness, as has been

expressed so aptly in Pratyabhijna-Hrdayam. It is only the universal Consciousness in the

unmanifest that is the source of the manifested universes appearing in the eternal alternation

of Srsti and pralaya which is above or beyond the Great Point or Mahabindu through which

manifestation takes place. It is this Supreme State which is referred to as Siva-vastha in this

aphorism. It is because it is beyond the Great Point in the Ever-unmanifest and is Self-less

that it can serve as the basis and source of all selves or units of consciousness functioning in

the manifest.

Khecari: The word kha means “sky,” “cypher,” “void,” etc. Khecari in the present context

therefore means that which can exist and function only in a void. It is a well-known doctrine

of Occultism that the Ultimate Reality can exist and function only in a void because it is Self-

contained, Self-determined and completely free from limitations of any kind. Even a point

will limit its unbounded and free nature as happens when it descends through the Mahabindu

or the Great Point to create and maintain a manifested world and function in this world

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according to the laws of Nature upon which a manifested system is based. It is true that these

laws are inherent in and derived from the Ultimate Reality itself but in the unmanifest they

remain in a potential form and do not exercise their limiting functions. The use of the word

khecari for this Supreme State will therefore be seen to be very appropriate from the Occult

point of view.

spiritual teacher who has attained Self-realization

the means or method of

obtaining this supreme knowledge.

II-6.

“The means of obtaining this supreme knowledge can be learnt from one's

spiritual Teacher who has already attained Self-realization.”

How to acquire this Real knowledge referred to in the last aphorism as distinguished

from the unreal knowledge referred to in aphorism II-4? This can be done only with the help

of the spiritual teacher who has accepted the aspirant as a disciple and is competent to help

him in treading the Path. The role of the guru in the spiritual development of the disciple is a

very important one though surrounded with mystery and difficult to understand. It is not

possible to discuss this question here but it may be said in a general way that this role is that

of a guide and an instrument of the Divine Life in passing on to him whatever knowledge or

help is needed by the disciple at his particular stage of evolution and in the circumstances in

which he is placed. The knowledge and the power come from above but they come through

the guru who is an agent and instrument of the Divine Life for such purposes.

The guru who can serve as a guide in the highest stages of the path of discipleship

must be a jivanmukta who has himself trodden the Path and reached the goal of Self-

realization and liberation. For, it is only such an Enlightened individual who can serve as a

conscious agent of the Divine Life and pass on whatever knowledge and help is needed by the

disciple. It is also not necessary for such a teacher to be in physical contact with the disciple

for he has the necessary power and capacity to render whatever help is needed by the disciple

from a distance. Many disciples are being helped by their guru constantly in this manner

without being aware of this fact, for, the knowledge which they need wells up from within

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their hearts and it is difficult for them to say from where it comes—from their Higher Self,

guru or the God within them.

An important aspect of this role of the guru is the initiation of the disciple into the

deeper mysteries of the spiritual life by raising the consciousness of the disciple temporarily

to higher states by manipulating certain forces working within the body and awakening the

cakras with their help. The methods of doing this form part of the mysteries of the spiritual

life and are a closely guarded secret. For, only those who are morally and spiritually qualified

for gaining this deeper knowledge are initiated in this manner to avoid the misuse of powers

which are inherent in such knowledge.

This whole idea of initiation and the relation between the guru and disciple has been

grossly vulgarized by those who pose as spiritual Teachers, without having any real spiritual

attainments, and exploit well-meaning but gullible people for their own purposes by

conferring all kinds of high-sounding titles upon their disciples and themselves.

the combination of “Sounds” which form the basis of a particular kind of

knowledge, are mathematically related to that knowledge and on proper use in Mantra Yoga

lead to that direct knowledge

the central mechanism in which all matrkas are present in

a mysterious form and through which the power of Sound descends into the realm of

manifestation

instructing, giving correct perception, giving actual awareness of the

reality to be known by uniting the consciousness of the disciple with the consciousness of the

initiator and raising it to the required level.

II-7.

“The spiritual Teacher who initiates the disciple does this by uniting the

consciousness of the disciple with his own and giving him direct knowledge of matrka-cakra

through which the power of ‘Sound’ descends into manifestation.”

This aphorism gives some indication of the manner in which help is sometimes given

by the spiritual leader to his properly qualified disciple. The method of Self-realization dealt

with in this Section is based upon the utilization of the power of “Sound” hidden in mantras

and this aphorism hints at the manner in which the teacher initiates the disciple into the secret

of this power of sound embodied in mantras. According to this aphorism, the guru initiates

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the disciple by putting him in touch with the centre through which this Power descends on the

macrocosmic scale in the whole realm of manifestation and on the microcosmic scale in the

centres or cakras in the vehicles of the disciples. As is well known the physical body contains

a number of cakras performing different functions in the body or serving as instruments for

putting the consciousness of the individual in touch with the subtler planes. The power

flowing through these various centres is derived from the matrka-cakra and one who is in

touch with this cakra can draw down and manipulate this power according to his different

needs and purposes.

The word sambodhah used in this aphorism for initiation into the mystery of matrka-

cakra is very significant and the very structure of the word gives insight into the modus

operandi of the process. The prefix sam means “together” and the word bodha means

“perception”. So the compound word sambodhah means “perceiving together”. This is a very

effective and concise way of expressing the fact that the guru brings about a merging of the

consciousness of the disciple with his own, and thus both of them are able to perceive together

the truth which is sought to be communicated to the disciple.

This is only a temporary and partial glimpse but it has two marked effects. One is to

put the disciple in direct touch with the centre of Divine Power and thus enable him to draw

upon the power according to his capacity and needs. The second is to enable him to develop

in himself, by his own effort, the capacity to unfold his spiritual consciousness and tread that

Path which leads ultimately to Self-realization. This is a long process involving self-reliant,

persistent and painstaking effort on the part of the disciple for a long time. Initiation can only

initiate the process. The completion of the process can be accomplished by the disciple only

by his own individual efforts aided by the guru from time to time when such aid becomes

necessary. The more the disciple advances on the path of Enlightenment the more he is left to

his own resources and initiatives for his individual progress. For the object of all this training

and Self-discipline is to develop a liberated Mahatma who is perfectly Self-contained, Self-

reliant and Self-satisfied.

Initiation is a mystery of the inner life which is enacted and revealed in the secret

chamber of one's own heart It cannot be made public or dramatized for the glorification of the

initiator or the initiated. To make an effort to do so is to vulgarize the whole concept and

involve these things in a whirlpool of suspicion, doubt and envy. In fact, wherever these

undesirable conditions are present we can be sure that we are not dealing with the genuine

mysteries of the inner life but only their imitations by those who are too immature spiritually

to be trusted with these secrets of the inner life.

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body

clarified butter poured into the fire in a Yajna or Hindu sacrificial rite.

II-8.

“On the practice of the methods imparted by the spiritual Teacher the body or

the vehicles of consciousness of the disciple are burnt up in the Fire of Knowledge of Reality

and cease to obscure and confine his consciousness.”

This aphorism expresses in metaphorical language a profound mystery of spiritual life

experienced when the consciousness of the Yogi expands to include within its vast embrace

everything in the universe right from the realities of the spiritual planes to the objects of the

physical plane. Even the body of the Yogi which is part of the physical universe becomes

assimilated with this all-embracing consciousness, a mere object of perception along with

other objects, with which his consciousness is not identified in any special manner and is

therefore not affected in any manner.

It should be noted that the binding power of an object depends upon attachment

produced by identification with the object. The mere presence of the body or any other object

in the field of consciousness as a pratyaya does not by itself produce attachment and

consequent bondage. In fact, all the activities of the body may be carried on as usual without

affecting in the least the constant awareness of Reality as happens in the case of a jivanmukta.

This awareness of Reality pervades the mind and its activities all the time and is not obscured

by the pratyaya present in the mind.

This carrying on of the activities of mind and body as usual in the case of a liberated

individual is very deceptive and sometimes raises doubts in the minds of those around him

with regard to his spiritual attainments. They are inclined to think: If the jivanmukta lives

outwardly like other people what is the difference between him and the ordinary man

involved in the attractions and illusions of the world and why bother about making all these

strenuous efforts to gain Self-realization? They do not know that there is a world of difference

between the states of consciousness of these two even though the outer behaviour and

activities may be the same to a great extent. They cannot be the same in every respect because

the consciousness of unity and non-attachment to objects is bound to express itself in many

unusual ways such as kindness, compassion towards others and complete indifference towards

65

one's own pleasures, joys and sorrows. But the jivanmukta also has to eat and sleep like

others, to do his work as an agent of the Divine Life like others, to fulfil his obligations in the

environment in which he is placed like others.

The tremendous difference which exists between states of mind and attitudes of the

two can be seen really only by those who have been able to unfold their own spiritual

consciousness, though the earnest aspirant who has developed his intuitive faculty can sense

this difference to some extent. Those who are involved completely in worldly pursuits and

selfish activities are not likely to see any difference. The very simplicity of life and absence of

any kind of pose prevents ordinary people from seeing the inherent greatness which is hidden

behind this outward simplicity. We can perceive in others only what has been developed at

least to some extent within ourselves. This is not a matter of mere observation and thought but

of direct experience in our own consciousness. The aspirant should therefore be on his guard

against such misconceptions and personal prejudices when dealing with people who are

spiritually developed and are likely to behave differently from the ordinary people around

them in vital matters.

It is true, however, that in the case of people who are highly developed spiritually, this

necessity of living in the world like ordinary people in some respects, is sometimes utilized by

unscrupulous people to pose as great Yogis and to claim that in spite of their outer behaviour

they are internally free and established in Truth. There are many gurus in India who claim to

be jivanmuktas or are considered to be jivanmuktas by their highly emotional disciples while

actually they are ordinary people, learned in the lore of spiritual life and religious literature,

nothing more. No one can say that they are not jivanmuktas because their outer life is similar

to that of ordinary people. But an individual with some spiritual discrimination will perceive

the difference clearly and easily. So, one has to be on one's guard to withhold one's judgment

and to hold one's tongue.

the lower kind of mental knowledge referred to previously in aphorism II-4.

rice used as oblation in a Yajna along with clarified butter.

II-9.

“And the lower kind of mental knowledge referred to previously in aphorism

II-4 is burnt up in the Fire of Knowledge of Reality which arises.”

66

Vidya (lower knowledge) and sarira (the vehicle of this knowledge) which are

mentioned in aphorism II-3 are the two main impediments in freeing the consciousness from

bondage and the secret of their existence and binding power is hidden in the mystery of

mantras, or the power of “Sound”. The guru initiates the disciple into this mystery as pointed

out in aphorisms II-6 and 7. The disciple resolves the mystery completely by his own

persistent efforts as stated in aphorism II-2. What happens when the mystery is resolved and

the Truth underlying the phenomenal world is revealed ? Several things.

One of them is referred to in the last aphorism. The body (which in the present context

means all vehicles of mind and consciousness taken as a whole) of the disciple is burnt up in

the Fire of Knowledge of Reality and ceases to obscure and confine his consciousness.

Another remarkable inner change which takes place is that the false illusory knowledge which

found expression through the vehicles of the disciple and which is referred to as jnana in the

aphorism under discussion is also burnt up simultaneously in the Fire of Knowledge which

blazes up and reduces everything in the manifested world to itself.

It is necessary for the aspirant to dwell for a while on this process of reduction of

everything in the manifested world to the One Reality and to understand clearly what it means

if he is not to perceive this fascinating conception through the haze of confused and mistaken

ideas. This change which place in the consciousness of the Yogi when he enters the world of

Reality has been expressed in many ways, by using different metaphors and words of unusual

significance.

In the first Section of Siva-Sutras the word used is Samhara which ordinarily means

“destruction” but in the aphorisms of that Section means “disappearance by assimilation with

the One Reality”. In aphorism 15 of Pratyabhijna Hrdayam the change in consciousness is

indicated by saying that the Fire of Citi reduces the whole universe to itself. In the aphorism

we are discussing and in the previous aphorism this seeing everything in the One Reality and

as an expression of the One Reality is indicated by saying that the false knowledge and the

vehicle through which that false knowledge is expressed are burnt up in the Fire of

Knowledge of Reality which is revealed on Self-realization.

A careful study of these different methods of stating the same profound truth and

constant pondering over the vital importance of knowing that truth should enable the intuitive

aspirant to gain at least a glimmer of its nature and to strengthen the urge within him to search

for and find the Truth which is hidden within our hearts.

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the lower kind of mental knowledge which is illusory

destruction of, on

being assimilated with consciousness

from that lower kind of, mental knowledge

arising

dream-like nature, unreal nature

is seen or realized.

II-10. “On the disappearance of the illusion inherent in the lower kind of mental

knowledge, the dream-like nature of the mental world created by the mind of the disciple is

realized.”

In the previous two aphorisms we have dealt with two aspects of the change which

takes place in the consciousness of the Yogi on attaining Self-realization. This aphorism deals

with a third aspect which is related to the first two but is far more comprehensive and

significant. This aspect concerns the essential nature of the world of manifestation in which

the Monads evolve and from which they free themselves ultimately on attaining Self-

realization.

That life in this world is vitiated by all kinds of illusions is a patent fact and no one in

his senses can dispute it. But this view regarding the nature of the manifested world is really

an understatement when viewed from the highest point of view, i.e., when this world is seen

in the Light of Reality. Then we see that it is not only that life in this world is full of illusions,

gross or subtle, but that this world as a whole is a Great Illusion. There is a big difference in

these two views regarding the nature of the manifested world. The first view implies that

though certain illusions are inherent in our life there are other features which are free from

illusions. It is this latter qualification regarding the nature of the illusion pervading human life

which is sought to be removed in this aphorism. It is not that the world of manifestation

suffers from illusions of various kinds but that the whole world which is created by our mind

is phenomenal or is based upon Illusion. This realization comes only when the world of

Reality is entered and the world of manifestation as it exists in our mind is seen in the Light of

this Reality.

The manner in which this fundamental truth is sought to be conveyed in this

aphorism ought to be clearly understood. The Sanskrit phrase vidyasamhare implies that the

illusion regarding the phenomenal nature of the whole world of manifestation is the result of

the defect in our knowledge which is not irradiated with the Light of Reality. The same world

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is seen by a Self-realized individual but it is seen in the Light of Reality and there is no

illusion in his knowledge of the world he lives in and works in. It is therefore the lack of

awareness of Reality which is the cause of the illusion and not manifestation itself if it is seen

truly and in the correct perspective as an expression of the One Reality.

The phrase taduttha which means “arising therefrom” is meant to emphasize the fact

that the defect in our conception of the world is due to a fundamental defect in our knowledge

and not to any ordinary mistaken notion. It is only when this fundamental defect is removed

by our becoming aware of it that we can see this world in its true or real nature as well as in

the illusory form which this real world produces in our mind. The simultaneous perception of

two worlds existing side by side is hinted at in the following aphorism of the Yoga-Sutra.

(IV-12) and the student will find it helpful in

understanding the present aphorism if he reads the commentary on the aphorism in the Yoga-

Sutras.

What is the nature of the illusory world which is produced in our mind and which

alone is seen by the individual who is still involved in the illusions and limitations of the

lower worlds? According to the aphorism we are discussing it is of the nature of a svapna or

dream.

In order that we may really understand what this enigmatic statement means we have

to examine the essential features of a dream and compare them with the illusory world which

is produced in our mind. All of us have personal experience of dreams in our sleep and if we

have given some serious thought to the subject should be familiar with their salient

characteristics.

In the first place they are purely subjective phenomena produced in our mind without

having any direct relation with the facts of the physical world which we consider as real

relatively. Secondly, they are chaotic, i.e. they are not based on reason or common sense. We

see and do many things in our dream life which we could not do in our waking life because of

their absurdity. This is due to the fact that our inner constitution is such that the mind works in

our dream life without any contact with the faculty of buddhi or discrimination and so the

thinking process cannot be regulated by this monitor, the lower mind. Thirdly, the fact that

our dream life is purely subjective and chaotic is not realized when we are dreaming but only

when we wake up and return to the relatively real world on the physical plane and regain our

contact with the faculties of reason and intuition.

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If we consider our ordinary waking life carefully we shall find that all the three

features of our dream life mentioned above are present in our ordinary waking life when it is

compared with our Real Life of which we become aware on Self-realization. We then realize,

in the first place, that our ordinary life is purely mental and centred in our mind and the

impression that we are living a triple life on the physical, emotional and mental planes is

illusory. These different planes on which consciousness functions do produce different kinds

of impressions but the nature or substance of these impressions is mental and it is only in our

mind that we are living all the time. A little self-introspection will enable us to realize the

truth of this important fact.

In the second place, our ordinary life is not really based on reason or common sense.

We live generally in utter disregard of the realities which face us on every side. We know that

we have to live on the physical plane only for a few years and then pass out through the

gateway of death into another life and yet we do not care to know what this unknown life

beyond death is like and live our present life as if we have to live here for ever. We find by

experience that indulgence in pleasure of any kind never gives permanent satisfaction but on

the contrary increases the craving for the repetition of that pleasure and indulgence in other

kinds of pleasures. And yet we go on indulging in pleasures to which we have become

accustomed. Our whole life, if we examine it impersonally, will be seen to be vitiated by

irrationality, but we have become so accustomed to these things that we take them for granted

and are hardly aware of these defects.

In the third place we do not become aware of the above mentioned defects as long as

we are involved in the illusory pursuits of this world. We may think that we know them, but

actually we do not really know them, because we continue to live as if these defects in our

ordinary life did not exist. It is only when Self-realization takes place that we realize the

nature of the limitations and illusions from which we suffered and our ordinary life is seen as

it really is. It is only in the Light of Reality that these limitations and illusions inherent in the

world of manifestation are seen in the real sense and they cease to affect us because we

become really aware of them and they are not merely ideas present in our mind. We can then

see the two worlds side by side, the Real and the illusory, and though we may live and work

in the world of manifestation we are not affected by its Missions. It is this important fact of

spiritual life which is sought to be expressed by the phrase svapna-darsanam.

People who are immersed completely in the attractions and pursuits of the worldly life

cannot see these patent facts and pass them by without even noticing them. They may even

scoff at those who point out these facts and the necessity of getting rid of the limitations and

70

illusions in which we are involved and the consequent miseries from which we suffer

unnecessarily. They think that they are realists while those who are at least partially aware of

the illusions of life and are trying to free themselves from them are visionaries, wasting their

time in the futilities of philosophical thought and living in a world of make-believe.

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SECTION III

ANAVOPAYA

72

THE ULTIMATE REALITY AND REALIZATION

The spirit or Pure Consciousness in its individual or universal aspect, here used

in its individual aspect

becomes mind, is mind.

III-1. “Mind is nothing but a derivative and differentiated form of centralized pure

Consciousness and essentially of the same nature as Consciousness.”

The third and last Section of Siva-Sutras is called Anavopaya and as this Section deals

with a number of multifarious subjects it is necessary to say a few words to explain why the

name has been chosen before dealing with the aphorism in the Section.

The Sanskrit word anu means “subtle,” “atomic,” and was used for the atom because

the atom was considered to be the smallest object known in manifestation. The mathematical

point is really the limit of the infinitesimal, and the word anu should really be considered as

the equivalent of the mathematical point. This connotation of suksma is found in many

references to anu in the Upanisads such as the one given below.

“The Paramatma who dwells within the heart of the individual Atma is subtler than the

subtlest and greater than the greatest. It is only those who are utterly free from desire and

worry of any kind who can know Him through His grace” (I-2-20 Kathopanisad).

The word Anavopaya means different aspects and methods connected with the

manipulation of the psycho-material mechanism through which the individual Atma or the

Monad functions on the different planes in manifestation. But it must be remembered that

though this Atma functions through a point, within this point is hidden the infinite

Consciousness, and Power of Paramatma, the Supreme Spirit of Siva-Sakti Tattva in a

potential form. So there is no limit to the expansion of consciousness and development of

powers and the Self-realization which liberates an individual from the illusions of this

manifested world is merely a stage in this infinite process of expansion.

The first aphorism of this Section which we are considering states in two words that

Citta or mind is a derivative of the individual Atma and appears when integrated

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consciousness becomes differentiated on becoming outward turned instead of being present in

its Self-centred Real state. This is a very important point which throws light on many

problems of Yogic psychology and technique and defines clearly and unequivocally the

relation of mind and consciousness. It shows how a mental world can appear from

consciousness by the coming into play of the Cit aspect of the triple Self (Sat-Cit-Ananda)

and how this world can become absorbed (laya) in consciousness by cessation of mental

activity or citta-vrtti-nirodha.

Since the world we live in is essentially mental in nature, it is easy to see how

consciousness is the ultimate basis of the manifested universe. When the ultimate Reality

called Paramatma is centralized and begins to function through a point it becomes an

individual Atma which is generally referred to as a Monad. This Atma becomes associated

with a set of vehicles on the different planes and the interaction of its consciousness with the

objects of a plane produces the mental phenomena of the plane. On the lower planes the

interaction takes place through the instrumentality of the sense-organs while on the higher

spiritual planes the common centre of mind and consciousness serves as the instrument of

both. The relation of these different principles may therefore be represented as follows:

Paramatma → Centralized Atma → Mind → Sensations.

Each principle in this series can descend to the next lower principle and also revert to the next

higher principle by methods which form part of the Yogic technique. The sensations are

withdrawn into the mind by pratyahara, the mind withdrawn into the Atma by citta-vrtti-

nirodha and the Atma merged with the Paramatma by decentralization. It is this awareness of

our Divine nature as Atma and Paramatma which are aimed at in Self-realization.

The Atma and Paramatma are essentially of the same nature and represent the “Many”

and “One” aspects of the same Reality. In Hinduism, the “One” or the universal aspect is

emphasized to such an extent that many people think that when Self-realization takes place

the Atma disappears completely and finally into the Paramatma and its separate identity is

lost for ever, an idea which has been beautifully expressed by Edwin Arnold in the sentence

“the dewdrop slips into the shining sea”. But this is not the Occult doctrine with regard to the

relation of Atma and Paramatma. According to this doctrine, in Self-realization, the centre of

the Atma, which is eternal, remains, though the circumference becomes larger and larger and

after union with the Paramatma has no limiting and binding power on the individual Atma.

The whole idea of Logoic manifestation and Adhikari Purusas presupposes the persistence of

the centre of consciousness in the highest stages of its unfoldment.

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The absence of the concept of integration and differentiation in Hindu philosophy has

made it difficult to understand the relation of consciousness and mind clearly. The processes

of appearance of mind from consciousness and its becoming absorbed (laya) in consciousness

are recognized but the modus operandi is not defined or clearly understood. It is the scientific

idea of integration and differentiation which can make this relation more meaningful, clear

and definite.

knowledge in the realm of the mind which is illusory

is the cause of

bondage of Atma in the realm of manifestation.

III-2. “It is mental knowledge vitiated by the illusion of duality which is the source

and instrument of bondage of the Spirit in man which is inherently free and essentially an

expression of Reality.”

The idea behind this aphorism has been stated exactly in the same words in a previous

aphorism (I-2). The reason why the aphorism has been repeated is obviously to elaborate the

idea because the question is dealt with in the present context from the point of view of an

individual Atma. It has to be understood clearly and thoroughly in order that proper means

may be adopted for freeing the Atma from bondage. The emphasis in this Section is on the

individual problems and individual effort.

The word jnana like vidya is used in two senses: lower and higher. In the lower kind

of knowledge there is present the illusion of separateness and distinctions between different

objects in existence because of the absence of awareness of the supreme truth that there is

only One Reality or Principle underlying and embracing all manifestation. When the higher

knowledge is attained everything is seen as an expression of the One Reality or rather as the

One Reality and there is no delusion caused by considering different things fundamentally

different from one another. It is this realization which liberates the individual from the

illusions and limitations inherent in the world of manifestation.

Though knowledge is divided in this manner into two categories there is really a

gradation in the different states of knowledge from the highest to the lowest. But something

very special takes place in the last stage when the threshold of Nirvana is crossed. This is

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indicated by many references in the literature of practical Occultism such as the attainment of

Dharma-megha-samadhi and the awareness of oneness of the individual and Supreme Spirit

expressed in the well-known Sanskrit phrase So'ham-hamsah-svaha occurs in the fourth line

of the Bhuta-suddhi-mantra and means “He is ‘I’ and ‘I am He’”. It emphasizes the essential

identity of the individual Atma with the universal Paramatma. Light on the Path expresses

this extraordinary change by saying that there is sudden expansion of the light of individual

consciousness into the infinite Light of universal consciousness..

In the previous stages of spiritual unfoldment this light goes on increasing gradually

but in the last stage it suddenly expands into the infinite Light embracing everything and

making all things One. This light differs qualitatively from the light of the previous stages, for

it reveals the true nature of the world of manifestation and shows that even the omniscience

and omnipotence of this world has to be renounced in order to find the Supreme Truth hidden

within our hearts.

How lower knowledge existing in the realm of mind becomes a source of bondage will

be seen easily if we remember that the appearance of the mind from consciousness is

accompanied by the presence of a Pratyaya which loads the consciousness as clouds load the

atmosphere when water-vapour condenses from the gaseous to the liquid state. These clouds

permeate the atmosphere and obscure the sun which is shining behind the clouds and cannot

be seen from below. The clouds do not and cannot cover the sun really but to an individual

trying to see the sun from below it appears as if it is covered by the clouds.

The disappearance of the clouds by heating or falling as rain will again make the Sun

of Spiritual Consciousness shine without any obscuration in the field of individual

consciousness. This state is brought about by the Yogic technique of citta-vrtti-nirodha or the

removal of the three kinds of malas or obscuring agents according to another school of

spiritual self-discipline. It is necessary to note that for an individual who has risen above the

clouds they do not cause any obscuration of the sun. He can see the sun and the clouds

simultaneously just as a Liberated individual can see the world of Reality as well as the world

of manifestation without being affected and deluded by the latter.

means the differentiated functions of a principle

which means “etc” refers to the other factors which determine the nature of mental

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knowledge in I-3

principles in their essential nature

inability to discriminate

between

is Maya.

III-3. “The inability to realize that the phenomena in the realm of the mind are due to

the differentiation of principles which are inherent in consciousness is the essential nature of

Maya, or is due to the influence of Maya.”

The simile of the clouds hiding the sun from our view which has been used in dealing

with the last aphorism only partially illustrates the bondage and the release of the Monad from

the illusions and limitations which are inherent in the manifested universe. As a matter of fact,

the release is not like the disappearance of the clouds and the shining forth of the Spiritual

Sun without any obstruction. In the ultimate realization, the clouds of citta-vrtti themselves

are transformed into consciousness and seen merely as another aspect of consciousness. They,

therefore, lose their obscuring power. This transformation is brought about by the sinking of

the centre of consciousness to a still deeper level where the subject-object relationship does

not exist and only One Reality which is whole and integrated is seen. We see light in its three

aspects of illuminator, illuminated and illumination on the physical plane. But suppose we

develop the capacity to see the objects of the physical plane as made up of light as they

actually are. The triple state will be transformed into a mysterious single state which it is

difficult to imagine.

It will be seen therefore that it is our inability to see the expressions of Atma in the

form of kalas, etc. as Atma itself which is responsible for the obscuring power of these

expressions and the illusions which they create. When this capacity which is called viveka-

khyati in Yogic terminology is attained, the obscurations and illusions disappear. This

inability or state of aviveka is caused by Maya or the Divine power of producing illusion

according to the aphorism under discussion.

Without this power of illusion exercised by a Logos or Isvara no manifestation is

possible as no picture can be drawn on a sheet of white paper with white paint. There must be

obscuration of whiteness or appearance of darkness to produce a light and shade effect and

produce a picture in black and white against the background of the white paper. It will also be

seen that the essential nature of Maya is the suppression of Reality by itself, to reveal itself in

less real forms and involve the Monads in manifestation for their evolution. It is for this

Reason that the Divine Power of Isvara in the form of Maya is called the basis of the

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manifested universe. The above conception of Maya will also throw some light on the

following enigmatic statement about the nature of Sakti:

It is by the suppression of integrated Divine Consciousness in different degrees by the Divine

Power which is inherent in this Reality that the phenomenal world is produced and the

Monads get involved in it for the unfoldment of their Divine potentialities.

It is interesting to note how the same idea has been expressed in a different manner in

the Yoga-Sutra in aphorism II-5. The word avidya is used in this treatise almost in the same

sense as the word Maya in Siva-Sutra. If the student has a clear grasp of the fundamental

principles, and has also developed to some extent his intuitive faculty, he will be able to

pierce through the outer form of the expression and grasp the underlying Truth without much

difficulty. It is for this reason that a clear grasp of the fundamental principles of the Occult

Doctrine, as a whole, is essential for an earnest student of the inner realities of life.

It will help the student to understand the inner meaning of this aphorism if he

remembers that the kalas are in the field of citta or mind while tattvas are in the field of

consciousness. The former represent and embody the differentiated aspects of Reality and the

latter its integrated state. We are not able to distinguish between the differentiated aspects and

the integrated state because our consciousness is imprisoned within the realm of the mind and

mistakes ideas for realities. It is only when it passes through the centre of consciousness

which separates the world of tattvas from the world of kalas that it can know the real nature

of tattvas and distinguish them from the kalas and also know that the kalas are merely the

differentiated forms of the tattvas.

The student should also note the significance of the word adinam. It is meant to

indicate that it is not only the kalas which we are unable to distinguish from the tattvas. The

whole paraphernalia of the phenomenal world serves to keep us in bondage as long as we

have not gained awareness of Reality and can see the manifest also as the aspect of the

Unmanifest Reality. It is only when we gain this awareness that the distinction between the

unreal and Real disappears.

in the vehicles

there is reabsorption, mergence and disappearance

of the kalas or the differentiated forms of principles.

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III-4. “When the vehicles are burnt up in the Fire of Knowledge as indicated in II-8

the differentiated functions of principles or kalas which find expression through the vehicles

also disappear simultaneously.”

Since the kalas are functions of consciousness manifesting through a sarira or body,

naturally, the withdrawal of consciousness from a vehicle will also lead to the disappearance

of the functions performed through the vehicle. This is quite clear but there is a deeper

significance of this aphorism which should be noted here.

Although the realization of different states of consciousness is essentially a matter of

perception, this perception depends in the early stages of spiritual unfoldment on the vehicle

through which consciousness is functioning for the time being, because the vehicle is

naturally related to the state of consciousness which functions through it. Thus mind functions

through the mental body, desires and emotions through the astral body, buddhi through the

ananda-maya-kosa and the Spiritual Will through the Atmic vehicle. This also accounts for

the Occult doctrine that the three aspects of the Logos or Isvara—Brahma, Visnu and

Mahesa—function through the three highest Divine planes of manifestation—higher Atmic,

Anupadaka and Adi respectively. Of course, consciousness is unitary and there are no water-

tight compartments in these matters, but the special adaptation of a vehicle for certain

functions makes that vehicle the most convenient and suitable instrument of consciousness for

the exercise of those functions.

It follows from what has been said above that if the Yogi has to rise to a higher state or

level of consciousness he must leave the lower vehicles and learn to function in the vehicle

through which that function is exercised. This is the purpose and technique of Samadhi—to

raise consciousness from one level to another level in order to be able to gain direct

experience of that higher level and to be able to exercise functions pertaining to that higher

level.

Of course, once the direct awareness of a particular state has been obtained through

samadhi this awareness infiltrates down to the lower planes and can be partially experienced

when consciousness reverts to these planes depending upon the stage of evolution of the

sadhaka. It is this feet which is referred to in aphorism 16 of Pratyabhijna Hrdayam.

We should remember that a higher state of consciousness includes the lower states

because manifestation is a repeated projection and expression of the One Reality in

increasingly dense states of matter and less subtle states of mind. Of course in the early stages

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of development dislocation of consciousness takes place when it passes from one plane to

another but as the Yogi makes progress on the path of Yoga he is able to function

continuously on all the planes which he has mastered. The Supreme and ultimate state of

Consciousness, which is integrated, includes and embraces all the lower states derived from it

by differentiation and so he who has attained that state can function on all the planes. All the

vehicles on the different planes have become as a whole his body or sarira.

are the channels in the body along which prana, kundalini and other subtle

forces flow in the body. These forces and channels are the instruments of the panca-bhutas or

the five Cosmic Elements in producing the phenomenal world in the mind

by re-

absorption and mergence in the source from which a thing is derived

complete mastery

over the panca-bhutas

the capacity to isolate a particular bhuta from others

the capacity to analyse a mental phenomenon into the constituent bhutas which

produce it.

III-5. “By the withdrawal of consciousness from the nadis or channels along which

vital forces flow in a vehicle is attained mastery over the bhutas and the capacity to isolate

and separate them from one another.”

It has been pointed out in the previous aphorism that a vehicle of consciousness serves

to disperse principles into their constituent functions which are needed to enable the vehicle lo

servo as an effective instrument of consciousness. Naturally, when consciousness withdraws

from the vehicle and the vehicle is rendered inoperative these functions must be reabsorbed in

the principles and merge in consciousness.

The role of dispersing the panca-bhutas which are also called panca-tattvas or five

Cosmic Principles is performed by the nadis which may be considered as the special

instruments of the bhutas in the vehicle or sarira. As is well known, sensuous perception

takes place through the agency of the nerves which carry vibrations from the external world to

the brain and convert them into sensations. In this conversion of vibrations, which are

mechanical in their nature, into sensations which are mental, subtle forces like prana are

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involved, but Science knows nothing about these forces and takes the conversion for granted

as a matter of fact.

The panca-bhutas are the active agents behind the chemical, physical and biological

changes which take place in the body and produce the mental world in the mind of every

individual. How they perform their functions is difficult to understand with our present

limitations but the fact that the whole structure of the manifested universe is the result of their

action in an infinite variety of combinations is an integral part of the Occult Doctrine and

Yogic psychology. We have to take this fact for granted in our study of Yogic methods and

their application for spiritual unfoldment.

It is also necessary to remind the student again about the significance of the word

samhara in the present context. The word ordinarily means “destruction” but this meaning is

obviously inapplicable here. The nadis are an integral part of the body and do not disappear in

the practice of Yoga when the consciousness of the Yogi rises to a higher level in Samadhi.

Their samhara merely means their becoming inoperative for the time being. When

consciousness returns to the lower vehicle after Samadhi the nadis resume their respective

functions as before.

As has been pointed out in Man, God and the Universe, consciousness and mind

function through the manobindu or the common centre of all vehicles in the case of each

individual. But emerging from this centre, in each vehicle, they become differentiated and

dispersed throughout the vehicle because the whole vehicle serves as their instrument, and is

in intimate contact with them. The prick of a pin in any part of the body is felt at once by the

individual showing that his consciousness pervades every part of his body.

How do consciousness and mind get dispersed and pervade the whole body in every

part? Through the nadis. Science recognizes that it is the nerves which connect the brain with

every part of the body and enable it to receive vibrations from the external world and control

and manipulate the activities of the body through the jnanendriyas and karmendriyas. But the

role played by the nadis is far more complicated and subtle than the nervous system. For

example. Science does not know that there are invisible forces like prana which flow along

the nerves and enable them to perform their mysterious functions. It is unaware of the

presence of certain nadis or passages in the body and the functions which are performed by

them. For example, it knows nothing about two nadis which are of the greatest importance to

an aspirant—Susumna nadi within the vertebral column and the citta-vaha-nadi which

connects the heart with the brain.

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In order to understand the rationale of bhuta-jaya it is necessary to remember that all

the five bhutas are derived from consciousness like all other cosmic principles underlying the

manifested universe. Akasa or Space is the basic Cosmic Principle and the other four

principles are derived from it in the following order:

Akasa—Vayu—Tejas or Agni—Jala—Prthivi

(Space—Air—Fire—Water—Earth)

When the bhutas are reabsorbed into Akasa by a process of recession on practising

Yoga they become part of the centralized consciousness of the individual Atma and are under

its complete control. A Yogi whose consciousness is centred in the individual Atma can

therefore control and manipulate the bhutas by his will-power and thus bring about all kinds

of changes in the phenomenal world which are generally referred to as siddhis or vibhutis in

Yogic literature. According to the above aphorism these powers of controlling and

manipulating the bhutas are due to the ability developed by bhuta-jaya to isolate one

particular bhuta from others and thus separate them from one another. As a chemist learns to

analyse any substance into its constituent elements and then to synthesize them into an infinite

variety of compounds so the Yogi can produce different kinds of phenomena by the proper

combination of the five Cosmic Elements.

The technique of bhuta-jaya hinted at in aphorism III-45 of the Yoga-Sutra is based on

a different principle. In that treatise, the technique of bhuta-jaya is acquired by performing

samyama or contemplation on the nature of the bhutas and not on the use of a mantra whose

secret is imparted by the guru to the disciple.

the delusion of mind which makes one believe in the reality of unreal objects in

manifestation and to be attached to them, thus preventing individuals from knowing their true

nature

covered or obscured by

the siddhis like bhuta-jaya, etc. which are

gained by the practice of Yoga but are still within the realm of manifestation.

III-6. “In these lower siddhis or accomplishments there is still obscuration by moha

or delusion of mind, caused by attachment, which prevents complete freedom or Liberation

from the world of manifestation.”

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If we are to have a clear idea with regard to the mature of siddhis or vibhutis referred

to in Yogu-Sutras and Siva-Sutras we should note that these powers which are acquired in the

practice of Yoga are not only of different variety but belong to different categories. They may

roughly be divided into three main groups.

The lowest siddhis are of a purely psychic nature and can be acquired by any

individual who has some control over his mind, is prepared to spend the necessary time and

energy for practising the prescribed techniques and can find someone who knows and is

prepared to impart the secret of their development. Some of the lowest psychic powers do not

require any moral or spiritual qualifications and those who manage to acquire them may give

public demonstrations of the powers which they possess and pose as great Yogis.

Then there are siddhis which are of a high order and require not only a firm moral

basis and character but also spiritual insight and direct contact with the realities of the higher

planes in the individual who wants to develop them. They are really powers of the Jivatma or

the Higher Self in man working through Atma-Buddhi-Manas and can be attained only by

those in whom these higher principles are adequately developed. They find their culmination

in omniscience and omnipotence within a limited sphere of manifestation and those who can

exercise them have their consciousness centred on the Atmic plane. But since the individual

has had realization of the Atma or the spirit only as a separate being on account of

centralization of consciousness he still suffers from the illusion of separateness and egoism of

the subtlest kind. He is still under the influence of moha and therefore suffers from the

extremely subtle forms of illusions and limitations imposed by moha in the exercise of his

powers. When moha has been conquered then the limitations imposed by moha disappear and

the individual Atma is able to function more freely within his limited realm.

Moha is a Sanskrit word with a wide range of connotations and shades of meaning and

is used in somewhat different senses by different schools of Indian philosophy. The

underlying and basic idea is the delusion of mind from which an individual suffers as long as

he is involved, even in the slightest degree, in worldly affairs. The delusion takes different

forms in different circumstances and stages of evolution but all these depend upon the

illusions produced in the mind as a result of involvement of consciousness in the world of

manifestation. Perhaps the best way of understanding the essential nature of moha is to

consider it as the various effects produced in the human mind by the Great Illusion referred to

as Maya. These effects take different forms and exist in different degrees but they all tend to

distort and delude the mind, more or less, and prevent it from seeing things as they really are.

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This view of moha is confirmed by the fact that the idea is generally used in association with

Maya as in the following verse in Durga-Saptasati.

“O Divine Mother! You are the integrated Divine Power inherent in the Visnu aspect of Isvara

which finds expression in an infinite variety of functions, but you are predominantly His

power of Maya which has involved all of us in moha, and therefore you alone can free us

from that moha while we are still living on this earth.”

The aphorism under discussion is meant to point out that the siddhis acquired through

bhuta-jaya, etc. mentioned in the previous aphorism can still be vitiated by moha and

therefore are not of the highest order. The next aphorism shows that the complete elimination

of moha leads to the acquirement of still higher kinds of powers though even these, amazing

as they are, are not of truly infinite nature. These latter are acquired only when the

consciousness of the Yogi penetrates through the centre of individuality and becomes united

with the Universal Consciousness of Siva and can therefore wield the infinite powers which

are inherent in that Supreme Consciousness.

delusion of mind

on mastery of, on complete elimination of

infinite, boundless

(unlimited) expansion

knowledge which is inherent in

Reality, which comes naturally, and which is all-embracing as far as the world of

manifestation is concerned

mastery of.

III-7. “Only on mastering delusion of mind, caused by attachment even to the

subtlest objects on the highest planes of manifestation, there is attainment of that knowledge,

which is inherent in Reality, is all-embracing and through which anything can be

accomplished.”

It has been pointed out in dealing with the previous aphorism that there are different

grades of knowledge and the powers corresponding to them. As the consciousness of the Yogi

expands, step by step, in the practice of Yoga the powers corresponding to these different

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grades of consciousness attained by die Yogi appear naturally because these higher powers

are inherent in those grades of consciousness.

Moha places a limitation on the expansion of consciousness, and so only certain

powers like those referred to in aphorisms III-5 and 6 can be acquired as long as the

individual is under the influence of this kind of attachment. When moha has been mastered,

naturally consciousness expands and simultaneously the powers corresponding to the state of

consciousness attained are acquired by the Yogi. It is these attainments which are referred to

as anantabhogat sahajavidya in the aphorism we are discussing. Let us try to understand the

inner significance of this Sanskrit phrase. The Sanskrit word sahaja means “natural” or

“easily acquired and maintained” and sahajavidya therefore means that knowledge or

technique which enables the individual to acquire knowledge with regard to anything within

that limited sphere by just turning his attention to it. In acquiring knowledge in the ordinary

way we have to adopt the proper means and apply those means in the correct manner in order

to be successful in our effort. But when sahajavidya is acquired it is not necessary to do so.

On account of the elimination of moha, consciousness is not limited and tied down to

particular fields of knowledge upon which the mind has been exercised already. It is now

anantabhoga or capable of unlimited expansion and acquires knowledge with regard to

anything within the limited range of its expansion.

Not only can knowledge be acquired with regard to anything within this limited sphere

but the very quality of this knowledge is different and of a superior order. For, the realities

with regard to which knowledge is sought are now looked at from a higher standpoint—from

the point of view of integrated consciousness and not from that of the differentiated mind. But

it is necessary to keep in mind the limitation placed upon knowledge by the progressive

expansion of consciousness. The knowledge depends upon the expansion of consciousness

and it is only when the consciousness transcends the centre of individuality and becomes

united with the Universal Consciousness of Siva that Knowledge becomes truly infinite and

all-embracing.

We may try to understand the profound significance of this aphorism in another way.

The individual Atma or the Monad is Sat-Cit-Ananda in his essential nature and has all the

knowledge concerning both the manifest and the un-manifest locked up within the centre of

his consciousness. The centralization of the Eternal Reality limits this infinite knowledge

within the framework of time and space. This limitation is really subjective and depends upon

the illusion created by the power of Maya which deprives the individual of the faculty of

spiritual discrimination and involves him in moha. When moha is eliminated by the practice

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of viveka and vairagya the subjective limitation of consciousness disappears and with it the

limitation placed upon experience by time and space. The Atma again becomes omniscient

and omnipotent as pointed out in aphorism III-50 of the Yoga-Sutras. This power comes

naturally with the attainment of Atmic consciousness and it is for this reason that it is called

sahajavidya. But it must be kept in mind that this is merely a stage in the journey on the path

of Self-realization and the powers which are referred to in the subsequent aphorisms are

powers pertaining to this intermediate stage. It is only when the consciousness of the

individual Atma transcends the centre of individuality and, becoming united with Universal

Consciousness by fusion, is established permanently in the world of Reality that the goal of

Self-realization can be considered to be reached.

the waking state of consciousness

secondary

ray, effulgence,

radiance.

III-8. “The jagrat or waking state of consciousness in an individual at all levels is the

secondary effulgence of the Supreme Light of Consciousness of Siva the primary effulgence

being the Divine Consciousness of the Logos.”

We can understand the real significance of this aphorism only if we have a correct idea

with regard to the meaning of the words jagrat and kara in the present context.

When we use the word jagrat in relation to consciousness we generally have in mind

the concept of the four states of consciousness and the relation of the jagrat state to the other

three states—svapna, susupti and para. But in the present context the word jagrat is not used

in relation to these three states but in relation to the waking state existing on all the planes of

manifestation. The characteristic of the jagrat state is that it is outward turned and is in direct

touch with the objects of the plane in which the consciousness is functioning at the time. The

subject is aware of the objects and the subject-object relationship exists between the two.

This state can exist on any plane and its essential nature remains the same on each

plane, i.e., the consciousness is turned outwards and is aware of the objects existing on the

plane. The jagrat state in the present aphorism refers to the waking consciousness on all the

planes taken as a whole. This is the most important and dynamic state of consciousness

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because it is the direct expression of the Atmic consciousness of the individual which is

eternal, indestructible and inextinguishable as is so aptly expressed in the following statement

in Sanskrit.

“The consciousness of the Seer or the individual Atma never disappears because it is

indestructible.”

The second word which has an unusual significance in the present context is kara.

This Sanskrit word is usually used for a ray or beam of light but in the present context it is

used in the somewhat different sense of “effulgence” or expression of light radiating from a

point. We generally use the symbol of rays of light emanating from a central source of light

like the sun to indicate die relation of the Monads with the One Reality from which they all

emanate and in which they are rooted. But in the present context we are referring to a single

individual Atma and its full expression on the different planes from its centre on the Atmic

plane. So the word “effulgence” will be more appropriate for its expression on all the

successive planes taken as a whole.

This is an enigmatic aphorism. Perhaps the best method of grasping its real

significance is to take account of the fact that the Atmic consciousness is directly reflected in

the waking consciousness of the physical plane. In this state, the contact of the waking

consciousness with the underlying Reality is direct and it is therefore irradiated with die light

of buddhi. In the svapna state the contact with the buddhic plane is broken and it is this fact

which accounts for the chaotic character of the dreams in sleep. In the next state which is

called susupti even the subjective images in the mind disappear and a state of apparent

unconsciousness supervenes. Of course, these states are generally considered in relation to the

physical plane consciousness but they exist on and reflect the relative relation of the states on

all the planes.

This concept gives an entirely new complexion to the mutual relation of the three

states and is really the opposite of the relation as generally understood. But it throws a flood

of light on the aphorism we are discussing and enables us to understand the real meaning of

the aphorism.

It is a well-known Occult doctrine that all expressions of consciousness through

different centres of consciousness are really the multifarious expressions of the Universal

Consciousness which is generally referred to as Siva in Hindu philosophy. But in its original

state in the unmanifest that consciousness is integrated, pure and all-embracing and quite

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beyond the comprehension of the ordinary individual who is involved in the illusions and

limitations of the manifested worlds.

When this universal consciousness finds expression through a particular centre, this

centralized consciousness of an individual is greatly limited both as regards knowledge and

power and it is only through a long course of evolution that it regains its infinite and Real

nature on Self-realization. But even throughout this long period of evolution it retains its

original connection with the Universal Consciousness which means that it is rooted in that

Universal Consciousness and its light is derived from the Light of the Universal

Consciousness. The only difference that takes place on Self-realization is that the Enlightened

individual becomes directly aware of this fundamental fact which sets him free from the

illusions and limitations of the manifested world which keep the ordinary individual bound

and suffering from the miseries of the lower worlds.

It is this important truth that the aphorism under discussion tries to express. It

expresses very tersely and in a rather enigmatic manner the fact that the waking consciousness

of every individual, whether he is still involved in the illusions of the lower worlds or is free

from them, is nothing but a secondary effulgence of the Light of the Spiritual Sun, the

primary effulgence being the Universal Consciousness which is ever shining and

inextinguishable.

actor, dancer on the world stage

the individual who has realized his

spiritual nature as Atma.

III-9. “The individual who has realized his spiritual nature as Atma is an actor and is

aware of his being an actor on the world stage and is therefore not affected or deluded by the

particular part he is enacting.”

The above aphorism tries to convey some idea of the state of consciousness of a Yogi

who is in touch with his Atma and is therefore at least partly aware of his spiritual nature.

Since the Atma as an individual is conscious simultaneously of his essentially Real nature and

also of the involvement in the mechanism of manifestation there is a certain kind of duality in

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his consciousness, one aspect rooted in and aware of the Real nature and the other aspect

involved in and associated with the unreal.

This duality in the consciousness of a spiritually advanced individual has been

compared in the present aphorism to the duality in the consciousness of an actor. In one

aspect, he is an individual with an independent and relatively permanent life of his own. In the

second aspect, he is merely a personality which has been temporarily created by the necessity

of his playing a particular part in the drama which is being enacted. He is conscious of the fact

that in this second aspect he is merely playing a part which is temporary and comparatively

unreal and therefore this does not affect him in the least. He may be acting the part of a

beggar or that of a king but that does not make him feel like a beggar or a king and to become

depressed or elated in consequence. He plays the part assigned to him unaffected by the role

he is playing, Concerned only with the fact that he should play the part effectively and

efficiently as far as outer appearances are concerned. It requires real spiritual insight to pierce

through the mask put on by such people to remain inconspicuous and to recognize their real

greatness and high spiritual stature.

A little deep thought and sense of spiritual discrimination will show the serious

student how apt the simile is. An individual who has even partly realized his spiritual nature

becomes conscious of this duality in his consciousness at least to some extent. This duality

appears really with the dawning of the spiritual consciousness which is called viveka-khyati in

the Yoga-Sutras and becomes more and more clearly defined as spiritual unfoldment

progresses and the Higher Self gains control and ascendance over the temporary personality.

When Liberation takes place this duality may be considered to come to an end because the

Enlightened individual then lives all the time in the light of Reality and sees the whole

manifested universe as a play of the Divine life and himself only as an instrument of that Life.

We should also note that an actor's real life is quite different and distinct from the life

of the personality which he has assumed temporarily in playing a particular part in a particular

play. He may be carried away temporarily by his emotions and become oblivious of his real

life while playing a particular part with great earnestness and enthusiasm but he reverts to

normal life when he is not playing any part in a drama. The same thing happens in the case of

an Enlightened individual when he has finished playing a particular part in the drama of

evolution. He reverts to his full state of awareness as an expression of Divine Consciousness

and remains in that exalted state until he is required to take up some other work in the Divine

Plan. The only difference in this reversion to the normal state is that in the case of an

Enlightened individual he is never carried away by the part he is playing, no attachment is left

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behind when he has given up a particular part and the normal state to which his consciousness

returns is the state of full awareness of Reality in which no illusions or disharmonies of any

kind can possibly enter. This reversion to the full awareness of his Divine nature is expressed

very graphically and tersely in aphorism III-42 later on.

The aspirant who is treading the path of discipleship will do well to give some serious

thought to this problem and develop gradually this consciousness of being an actor in the

worldly life in which he is involved. This will enable him to free himself from its attachments

more easily and serve as a safeguard against the development of many undesirable tendencies

and complexes from which ordinary people tend to suffer. For example, people who are

placed in positions of authority are liable to develop very quickly a power complex and begin

to behave in a very arbitrary and irresponsible manner. This not only perverts their own

mentality and becomes a source of future disillusionment and unhappiness but also causes

many complications in the work which they are doing and in the life of the people with whom

they are working. If they try to remember constantly that they are merely playing a part

temporarily and the power which is flowing through them comes to them from above to be

used wisely and with humility they will not lose balance of mind and will accomplish their

limited work without creating unnecessary trouble for themselves and others.

stage, theatre, the green room

the inner Atma, the Logoic

Consciousness which provides the stage on which the Jivatmas play their parts.

III-10. “The universal consciousness of the Logos or Isvara provides the stage in the

world drama which is played in a manifested system.”

In the last aphorism we dealt with the state of consciousness and roles of a single

individual Atma who is an actor in the world drama. But just as in the production of a play

there are not only actors who perform different roles but also a producer, director, writer and

the whole paraphernalia of stage, greenroom, etc., so, in the world drama also there is an

Architect, a Ruler, and a very complicated World Process based on natural laws which

provide all the necessary material and conditions for producing the play. Who provides all

these requisites, so that the vast and unimaginable world drama may be enacted with all the

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splendour and infinite variety which is characteristic of the manifested universe? According to

the aphorism which we are discussing it is the Antaratma or the Inner Supreme Self who is

the Architect, Ruler and the objective universe, all in One. It is in His Consciousness which is

referred to as Siva that the Divine Plan is conceived, it is His Power or Sakti which provides

the objective mechanism by the condensation of its infinite Energy and it is His Divine Will

which controls, regulates and guides the World Process and brings it to its Divine

Consummation before Pralaya takes place.

The Sanskrit word ranga has a very wide range of connotations in matters connected

with the theatre. It may mean the stage, the greenroom, the make-up, the acting or even the

audience. Since the One Reality is the source of everything in the manifested universe and it

is its outward turned state of consciousness which is called Antaratma, the use of the word

ranga in the present context is very apt. While the individual Monads are the actors in the

world drama everything which is connected with their acting and makes that acting possible

must be derived from and be an expression of the One Reality of which the Monads also are a

centralized expression.

Since the word Atma is used in the present context in the sense of the individualized

Self who is associated with mind of different degrees of subtlety we can deal only with

individualized Selves in the realm of manifestation. The Universal Self or the Supreme Spirit

is hidden from our view in the ever Unmanifest although it is the background and the source

of the consciousness and power of the individual Self. On account of the mysterious relation

existing between the individual Self and the Universal Self, or the Atma and Antaratma, the

Universal Self can be considered in many aspects in relation to the individual Self and the

environment in which he acts. His Consciousness provides the background against which the

play is seen. It provides the stage on which the play is enacted. It provides the plot of the play

in which different individual Selves play their respective roles. It provides the power and

energy for the various activities required in the performance. Since it is the One Reality

besides which and outside which nothing can exist, it is inevitable that it should be the source

not only of the Consciousness and power pf all the individual Atmas but of the whole field in

which they evolve and ultimately gain Self-realization.

In discussing this question of the relation of the Atma and Paramatma some aphorisms

of Pratyabhijna Hrdayam are very relevant and throw a flood of light on the inner

significance of the aphorism we are discussing. For example, the Sanskrit word Citi used in

aphorism 4 of that treatise obviously corresponds to the word Antaratma in the present

aphorism. Aphorism 2 throws light on the nature and the creation of the objective mechanism,

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the manifested universe in which the Monads evolve ultimately and gain Perfection. The last

aphorism of that treatise shows in a wonderful manner how this Universal Consciousness

referred to as Siva is the basis of the whole manifested universe and the source of

Consciousness and Power not only of the Adhikari Purusas like the Manus, Jagat-Gurus, etc.,

but also of the Solar Logoi who are the Presiding Deities of countless solar systems scattered

throughout the vast and boundless Space.

spectators, audience, beholders

organs of sense.

III-11. “The other Jivatmas witness the part played by a particular Jivatma on the

world stage through their sense-organs. They are not able to see the Atma of the actor but only

the external part he is playing in the world.”

The simile of the world being a stage and the spiritual Monads or individual Atmas

being the real actors playing different roles on this stage in this world drama which is being

enacted is continued in this aphorism to indicate who constitutes the audience in this drama.

The real drama which is being played is on the plane of Divine Ideation and the real actors are

the Monads but in the lower worlds of manifestation in which we are confined we can see

neither. On the stage of the lower planes we can see only the bodies in which the Monads are

clothed and those who witness the drama, i.e. the other people of the world, can see only these

bodies. How can these bodies be seen? Through the sense-organs of the spectators. So the

actual audience in the world drama are the sense-organs of the people living in this world and

not their Monads.

Of course, the real spectators in the case of the audience also are the Monads because

the sense-organs cannot function unless they are illuminated by the light of consciousness

which can come only from the Spirit within. But as far as the outer world is concerned the

witnessing of the world drama appears to be done by the sense-organs.

The student will see how there are really two worlds functioning simultaneously, one

the reflection of the other. On the one hand we have the world of Divine Ideation in which the

spiritual Monads are the actors as well as the spectator, and on the other hand there are the

lower worlds of manifestation in which only the bodies of the Monads and their activities in

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this world provide the play on the one hand and the sense-organs of the other people provide

the audience who witness the play. All the people play these dual roles in relation to one

another, being actors on the one hand on the stage of the world and spectators on the other

hand, in the audience. Reference to the existence of these two worlds side by side in aphorism

IV-12 of the Yoga-Sutras is particularly relevant and interesting in this context.

The truth of this aphorism will become quite apparent if we imagine the sense-organs

ceasing to function in the case of all the Jivatmas. The stage will still be there, the actors will

still be there but there will be no audience, no one to see the drama being enacted. True, the

actors will still be there and will witness the drama in a certain way, but their view of the play

is not the same as that of the audience. They are producing the play and are conscious of the

illusions which they are creating by their acting and so are not affected by the play as a

member of the audience is. He is bound by the illusions and under their hypnotic influence

and so affected more or less according to his involvement and attachment to the life he is

living.

buddhi, the power of perception

by complete mastery of

the essential

nature of Sat or Reality. In the present context Sattva does not refer to one of the three well-

known gunas but to the most essential aspect of Reality from which the other two aspects Cit

and Ananda are derived

attainment, realization.

III-12. “By complete control over the power of perception it is possible to make

outward turned consciousness inward turned and become centred in the Atma, the

individualized Centre of Reality.”

After dealing with the changes which take place in the consciousness of the individual

when moha (delusion) has been mastered the author points out why and how the elimination

of moha leads to the attainment of Sahajavidya and the powers which are inherent in this all-

embracing knowledge. These powers appear automatically in the individual whose

consciousness becomes centred in his Atmic nature though they are relatively limited owing to

the centralization of consciousness. It is only when the consciousness is turned inwards

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towards its centre and passing through that centre becomes fused with the Universal

Consciousness of Siva in the world of Reality that the powers become truly infinite.

In order to understand the profound truth embodied in this enigmatic aphorism we

have to remember not only that the essential nature of the Atma is Sat-Cit-Ananda but also to

have, a clear idea as to how these three aspects are related to one another. In this triplicity, the

self-existent, self-contained and eternal Truth which is referred to as Sat is the basic element

which is integrated, indestructible and changeless. It can remain by itself “centred in its own

splendour and shining by its own light” as expressed beautifully in the following description

of it in Sanskrit:

But though the Sat aspect of consciousness is integrated and self-sufficient it has in it the

inherent potentiality of the Cit and Ananda aspects coming into play. When the cit aspect

comes into play the consciousness, whose natural condition is to be Self-centred, becomes

outward turned and the integrated state becomes differentiated with the appearance of the

mind in the field of consciousness and the production of mental phenomena. This change is

accomplished by the establishment of the subject-object relationship between the “knower”

and the “known” and the necessary link between them which we may call “knowing”. The

technical term used in psychology for this “knowing” which follows the establishment of the

subject-object relationship is “perception” and the Sanskrit word dhi is used in the present

context for “perception”.

A great deal of confusion is caused in the study of the Occult doctrine by the fact that

different schools of philosophy use different words and different methods of expressing the

same truth. But as they indicate the same eternal truths of direct realization which are hidden

in the heart of every human being it should not be difficult for the earnest aspirant whose

intuitive faculty has begun to function to see which particular truth or aspect of the truth is

sought to be communicated under these different garbs. The Sanskrit word dhi is used in

different senses in different contexts and in different schools of thought but the essential

faculty referred to in all such cases is the faculty of perception which is also generally

indicated by the Sanskrit word buddhi.

In order to understand the deeper significance of this aphorism it is necessary to recall

that in the progressive and step-by-step dissociation of consciousness from the mental

mechanism in which it is involved, the separation of the pure integrated Atma or Spirit which

is Self-centred and Self-contained from its outgoing, perceptive faculty or buddhi is the last

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step to be taken. This will be clear from the following diagrammatic representation of the

involvement of consciousness in the mental mechanism.

Perceiver→Perception→Mechanism of→Perceived

perception

(Purusa) (Buddhi) (Citta or mind) (objective world)

The involvement of the Purusa in Prakrti due to identification has two factors, one

gross, and the other very subtle. It is easy to see the Purusa as separate from the pratyaya

created in the mind by Prakrti and realize one's independence from it at least mentally if not

actually. But this identification is brought about by the buddhi which is the faculty or power

of perception and not the object of perception. Unless this dissociation of the Purusa from the

power of perception is also brought about the Purusa cannot be considered to be quite free

from Prakrti and cannot be established in his own svarupa (true form) as can be seen even by

looking at the diagram given above. This fact is made quite clear in aphorism II-6 of the

Yoga-Sutras which defines asmita and the present aphorism should be studied carefully along

with that aphorism if we are to grasp the inner meaning of the aphorism.

It will perhaps help us to clarify our ideas if we analyse carefully the whole process of

the disentanglement of consciousness from the mental mechanism in which we are involved.

The first step in this process, after gaining a fair degree of control over the mind, is to

eliminate the pratyaya which always fills the mind by means of citta-vrtti-nirodha. This

clears the field of consciousness but consciousness still remains entrapped in the realm of

manifestation as will be clear from the study of the nature of asamprajnata Samadhi. This

entanglement is due to the non-dissociation of consciousness in its aspect of Sat from the

power or faculty of perception which connects it with the aspect of cit. The second step, if we

are to free consciousness completely, is therefore to free it from the act of perception which

draws it outward and prevents it from being centred in itself in Self-realization. The knower

has to be freed not only from the object of knowing but also from the process of knowing if he

is to attain the Self-knowledge in which knower, knowing and known constitute one

integrated state. It is only then that nirbija Samadhi can be attained and Self-realization

brought about. This fact has been pointed out in aphorism III-36 of the Yoga-Sutras and

discussed thoroughly in the subsequent commentary in The Science of Yoga. When this step

has been taken successfully and the Purusa is quite free from the realm of Prakrti (according

to Samkhya philosophy buddhi is part of the manifested world and is therefore in the realm of

Prakrti) then only can there be complete viveka-khyati or Self-realization.

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The elimination of the process of perception from consciousness is indicated by the

phrase dhivasat in the aphorism under discussion and the resulting realization of our Sat

nature, or Self-realization as it is generally called, by the phrase sattvasiddhih. It is necessary

to note that the Sanskrit word sattva in this aphorism is not used in its usual sense i.e., one of

die three well-known gunas, but in the sense of the essential nature of Sat from which Cit and

Ananda are derived as shown above. When sattva or sat in its pure essential form is attained,

the cit and ananda aspects of consciousness disappear and consciousness becomes established

in its pure integrated form in the world of Reality. This is the true and complete state of Self-

realization.

All the aphorisms from III-13 to III1-19 should be considered as indicating the result

which follows from dhivasat when the consciousness is established in its Atmic centre. It is a

state which can be called Atmic consciousness and is referred to as Atma-bhava in aphorism

IV-25 of the Yoga-Sutras. Although this is the highest state of consciousness in the world of

manifestation, consciousness is still in the centralized condition and must pierce through its

centre in order to free itself completely from the world of manifestation and emerge in the

world of ultimate Reality which is referred to as Kaivalya in the Yoga-Sutras. The further

stages of the unfoldment of consciousness are given in the subsequent aphorisms of the Yoga-

Sutras.

on attaining this, control over the power of perception referred to in the last sutra

is achieved

of complete independence from any kind of mechanism in which

consciousness is confined. The Sanskrit word tantra denotes really any kind of mechanism

which confines any kind of activity within that mechanism and prevents it from working quite

freely. There is only a limited freedom to move and work in a certain way and not complete

freedom. Svatantra in the present context means rising above the confining influence of any

such mechanism.

condition or state of being; awareness.

III-13. “On attaining complete control over the power of perception the Yogi attains a

state of being in which he is quite independent of the ordinary limitations which confine

embodied consciousness of human beings in varying conditions of time and space.”

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The Sanskrit word siddhah means “complete attainment of an object”, “mastery of a

technique in its perception”, “complete solution of a problem to be solved”. The previous

aphorism pointed out the necessity of obtaining complete mastery over the power of

perception in order to obtain realization of our Real nature or to become established in the Sat

aspect of consciousness. The Yogi has not only to accomplish citta-vrtti-nirodha but also to

reverse the direction of consciousness and by making it turn inwards enable it to become

centred in the point through which the Light of Reality enters the world of manifestation and

creates the separate world of the individual Atma. This reversal of the direction of

consciousness and its establishment in the Atmic centre, which was referred to as dhivasa in

the last aphorism must be attained perfectly before contact with the world of Reality can be

established and the results hinted at in this and the subsequent aphorisms can appear.

When the Yogi has acquired this capacity to separate his consciousness from his

buddhi, which is really the outward projection of his Atmic Consciousness to contact objects

in the world of manifestation and even the tendency to become outward has been conquered,

he becomes independent of and therefore able to control his activities within the limited

sphere through which his consciousness functions. The circumference confining his

consciousness has disappeared, as it were, and only the Centre of the circle or “I”

consciousness in its purity remains. It is really this state of consciousness which makes him

aware of the fact that he is pure caitanya (aphorism I-1) and independent of the mechanism in

which he is involved. Although he can function through that mechanism according to his will

and is omniscient and omnipotent as far as his own world is concerned he is not bound in any

way within that world. It is this state or awareness of being independent and master of the

mechanism through which he functions which is referred to as svatantra-bhavah in the

aphorism we are discussing.

as; like

there; under these circumstances

so; in that manner; as well as

elsewhere; in another place; on another occasion.

III-4. “As there so also elsewhere; or, as under these circumstances so also under any

other circumstances; the implication of the above enigmatic statements is that the Yogi has

awareness and can function in the same manner everywhere within the manifested system to

which he belongs.”

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This aphorism attempts to describe in a very graphic manner one of the effects which

accrues from the attainment of Atmic consciousness which confers on the individual the

power to shift the centre of his consciousness to any point within the limited sphere of

manifestation over which he has acquired complete mastery. For example, an ordinary

individual can function in his environment only through the sense-organs which he has

developed as a result of the long course of his evolution, his jnanendriyas and karmendriyas.

He can perceive the world around him only through the vibrations he receives through his

eyes, ears, etc. and he can affect his environment around him through his hands, vocal organ,

etc.

But when the consciousness of the individual is liberated from these limitations and he

is no longer tied to the particular set of bodies he has evolved he acquires the capacity to

function through any other mechanism or to create a temporary mechanism instantaneously

and achieve his limited object through it without any difficulty. Such siddhis are well known

to students of Occult literature and can be developed by those who are prepared to go through

the arduous training necessary for their development. They are referred to as pratibha and

vikaranabhava in aphorisms III-34, 37 and 49 of the Yoga-Sutra.

These powers of non-instrumental perception and action are discussed in the

commentaries on the above-mentioned aphorism in The Science of Yoga to make the student

understand their rationale but he is also warned against the dangers inherent in their

development unless they appear as a natural result of the unfoldment of consciousness in the

regular practice of Yoga under a competent teacher. When the sadhaka is properly qualified

mentally, morally and spiritually to wield these powers he not only acquires them without any

definite effort in that direction but also is not liable to misuse them for selfish and undesirable

purpose. He should be particularly on his guard against the blandishments of pseudo-yogis

who appear to teach the secrets of developing such siddhis to any and everybody who is

prepared to become their disciple. The real seeker after Truth not only does not make any

definite attempt to develop these lower siddhis but has no attraction for them. His eyes are

fixed on the Supreme Reality whose attainment not only liberates him from the illusions and

limitations of life but also confers on him all these powers which are inherent in that Reality.

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seed; the source of the manifested system

attentiveness; devotion;

consciousness is centred in.

III-15. “At this stage of Atma-jnana the consciousness of the Yogi is centred in the

centre of his consciousness, i.e. the Centre from which his mental world is projected. This

point is called the manobindu in Sanskrit and is concentric with the Mahabindu.”

The previous two aphorisms indicate some of the results which follow when complete

control over the power of perception is acquired by the Yogi. This aphorism and also the next

three continue the same theme. This aphorism follows the aphorism yatha tatra tathanyatra

and should be interpreted taking into consideration this fact.

The Yogi whose consciousness is centred in his Atma can become aware of any part in

the field of his consciousness, wherever the centre of his consciousness is directed. This gives

the impression that his consciousness has no moorings. It is this doubt that this aphorism is

meant to remove. Although the Yogi can become conscious of any part of his mental world

existing on the different planes of manifestation his consciousness remains centred in the

point from which this mental world is projected. It is through this point that the Universal

Consciousness enters the field of individual consciousness and not only creates the mental

world of the individual but also illuminates it with its light.

This point is called manobindu in Sanskrit because it is the real centre of all mental

activities carried on in different planes by the individual Atma. The Sanskrit word bindu

means not only a “point” but also a “drop” and so indicates very aptly both aspects of the

mental world created by each individual Atma round the centre of its consciousness; the point

from which this world is projected, as well as the contents of that world can best be imagined

in the form of a drop, though it is really subjective in nature and has therefore, really no

enclosing boundary which a drop has. This individual centre of consciousness called

manobindu is concentric with the Mahabindu, the centre of Universal Consciousness

according to the Occult doctrine, and so the different mental worlds of all individuals really

co-exist and function in a mysterious manner within the centre of Universal Consciousness.

This is how the Logos of a manifested system can be aware, all the time, not only of the

mental world he has created in the Divine Mind but also of the countless mental worlds of the

individual Monads who function and evolve in His manifested system. It is for this reason He

is called sarvasaksi, the eternal Witness, whose consciousness embraces everything in His

manifested system. This point is called a bija or “seed” for obvious reasons. It is like a seed

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from which a manifested system sprouts like a tree, grows, and after running its course

disappears at the time of pralaya.

established in Atmic consciousness or the Sat aspect of the Self

ananda;

bliss, easily

ocean; in the ocean of bliss and knowledge

bathed, plunged.

III-16. “Established in Atmic consciousness with its triple Sat-Cit-Ananda aspect, the

Yogi is plunged in the ocean of bliss and knowledge underlying the manifested system.”

This aphorism should be interpreted in the light of what has been pointed out in the

previous aphorism. It describes the state of consciousness of a Yogi who has mastered dhi,

has attained svatantra bhava and whose consciousness is centred in the atmic vehicle.

Atma both in its individual and universal aspects has a triple nature which is referred

to as Sat-Cit-Ananda in Sanskrit. Its centre of individuality is established in Sat but it is still

confined in the world of manifestation in which its Cit aspect comes into play in all its mental

activities. But as its centre of consciousness is on the Atmic plane and it has acquired

complete control over the power of perception it is free to move and function in the limited

realm of manifestation. As the Atmic plane connects the world of the Real and the unreal, the

Centre of Consciousness may be considered to be situated on the threshold of the two worlds

and partake of the nature of both the worlds. It is this fact which accounts for its ability to

dive constantly in the Ocean of bliss and have experience of the ananda aspect of its nature.

Since the nature of Atma is Sat-Cit-Ananda the whole universe, both manifest and unmanifest,

is bolted in an Ocean of bliss in its innermost nature. In the unmanifest this bliss is pure and

of the highest kind because of its being unalloyed by the defects and disharmonies which are

found in the world of manifestation and it is referred to as Paramananda. In the manifest, on

the other hand, it becomes involved in the illusions and limitations of the phenomenal world

and becomes vitiated and debased in different degrees according to the involvement of

consciousness in the disharmonies and conflicts which are a normal feature of ordinary human

life. It is impossible to experience it in its real nature and ordinary worldly happiness and

pleasures are the only forms of experience through which we can gain a faint glimmer of its

exquisite, Divine nature.

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But in the case of the Yogi whose consciousness is centred in his Atma and has risen

above the disharmonies and illusions of the lower world, it is naturally possible to have

occasional glimpses of his Sat-Cit-Ananda nature and experience the bliss which is hidden in

its fullness and purity within his heart. The significance of the Sanskrit word nimajjati which

means ‘keeps diving into’ should be noted. It points out the feet that the centre of his

consciousness is not permanently and fully established in the world of Reality and it is

therefore possible for him to have only partial and occasional glimpses of his Real nature and

to experience the Supreme bliss which is an essential part of that nature. He has still to make

that supreme effort which will establish the centre of his consciousness in the world of Reality

permanently and fully and eliminate the possibility of its reversion to the lower worlds in

which he can be deprived temporarily of the peace which passeth understanding by the

illusions and involvements of these worlds. He has still to attain that state of stability from

which he cannot fall again into the world in which his consciousness alternates between joys

and sorrows, between the hopes and fears which characterize the life of an unenlightened

individual. The difficulties and dangers which still lie ahead and the means which have to be

adopted for overcoming them are hinted at in the subsequent aphorisms.

the individual Self, in the present context, in contradistinction to the Supreme Self

a measure; a standard of measure; the correct measure

producing; creation

can bring about.

III-17. “Such a Yogi has the power to create or bring about results according to the

measure of his capacity which, though it may be tremendous, must still be limited.”

In interpreting these aphorisms we have to remember that they deal with the

intermediate state of enlightenment and powers associated with them, i.e. the state in which

control has been obtained over dhi or the power of perception but consciousness has not yet

been able to penetrate its own centre, and entering the world of ultimate Reality, become one

with the Universal Consciousness of Siva.

The power which is inherent in consciousness can be considered in its two aspects, the

power of cognition and the power of conation. The previous four aphorisms deal with

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different aspects of the power of cognition. This one deals with the power of conation. But as

in the case of the power of cognition, different kinds of powers of action are not specified but

stated in a general manner.

Let us dwell for a while on the significance of the different phrases used in the

aphorism to gain a better comprehension of the meaning of the aphorism. The first phrase we

should consider is svamatra. It means literally “according to the measure of his self”. The

Sanskrit word sva means “self” but it has a wide range of significance. It may be used for the

lower self of man, the temporary personality which functions on the lowest planes of

manifestation and then disappears to be replaced by another personality in the next

incarnation. Or, it may be used for the Supreme Self whose consciousness embraces the

whole universe and who is generally referred to in Sanskrit as Paramapurusa. In the present

context we are dealing with the intermediate stage in the unfoldment of consciousness and

power, and the word sva therefore means the particular stage in which dhi has been mastered

(III-12) but the ultimate stage of Self-realization has not yet been attained (III-25). Such a

Yogi has the power of bringing about results according to the power which he has developed,

which though tremendous, are still not infinite.

It is interesting to compare this aphorism with aphorism IV-4 of the Yoga-Sutra. Both

aphorisms have practically the same significance but in the Yoga-Sutra, the result which the

Yogi is able to bring about is specified more definitely, namely, the creation of artificial

minds or a manifested system for a particular purpose he has in view. The significance of the

phrase asmita-matrat in this aphorism should also be noted. Although literally it means

“according to the I’ness he has developed” the significance is the same as in the aphorism in

Siva Sutra, namely “according to the measure of the capacity he has developed.”

lower knowledge which is vitiated by illusion and the cause of bondage in the

lower worlds of manifestation

on the destruction, transcendence of

the cycle of

births and deaths, compulsory reincarnation

comes to an end.

III-18. “The cycle of births and deaths comes to an end only on the destruction of the

lower mental knowledge based upon illusions of various kinds.”

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After referring to some of the extraordinary powers developed by a Yogi owing to the

expansion of his consciousness the author points out their limitations and the potentiality for

trouble in the future which continues to exist in his nature in spite of the advanced stage of

development he has reached. As long as he has not penetrated through the centre of his

consciousness and become permanently established in the world of Reality by uniting his

consciousness with the Universal Consciousness of Siva, there is always the danger of a fall

even from the dizzy heights he has attained already. As long as this possibility remains and he

is liable to get involved again in the phenomenal world and its illusions and miseries, what is

the use of the progress that he has made? The ideal of gaining the joys of life in the life after

death, through rituals, etc. which was pursued and expounded in the Vedas in the early stages

of Hindu thought was later given up as worthless because the happiness which was gained

was partial and of a temporary nature. It was the rejection of this ideal which led the pioneers

in this field to dive deeper into the realities of life and find a Reality which is above the

process of change, decay and death and which gives superlative bliss which cannot be taken

away under any circumstances. It is these more intense efforts made at a deeper level which

led to the discovery that there is a Reality hidden within the heart of every human being. This

knowledge or rather realization confers on the individual who has attained it, permanent bliss

and infinite power which cannot be taken away from him under any circumstances. This

highest and ultimate ideal of human effort in the field of spiritual life was therefore adopted

later on and has been expounded in different ways in the Upanisads. It is referred to as

Jivanmukti because it frees the individual from the necessity or even the possibility of coming

down into the lower worlds of illusion and becoming involved in its miseries. He may come

down into these worlds as an agent of the Divine Life to play certain roles in the Divine Plan

but he comes as a free individual and is immune to the illusions and miseries of life to which

an ordinary man is subject. This state of permanent and irreversible Enlightenment is also

referred to by other names such as Liberation, Kaivalya, etc., in different religions.

powers underlying sounds of letters of the Sanskrit alphabet

which are

derived from Mahesvara, the Cosmic Logos and are present in their integrated form in Nada

this refers to Adi Sakti, the Ultimate potential Divine Power of Mahesvara from which

all differentiated powers underlying a manifested system arc derived

generally means an

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animal but in philosophy it is also used for human beings involved in worldly life for their

evolution.

therefore refers to the Divine Power as the Mother of human beings who

keeps human beings in samara so that they may evolve through experiences of various kinds

and ultimately by gaining Perfection become Liberated and one with Her.

III-19. “The Yogi should beware of the Divine Powers which invariably test him

before liberation can take place. These are powers of Mahesvara, differentiated forms of Adi

Sakti and inherent in their elementary form in the sounds of letters. It is these powers which

perform the highest functions of Creation, producing illusions, etc. which are required in any

manifested system.”

In discussing the previous aphorism it was pointed out that even in the case of Yogis

who have reached high stages of unfoldment of consciousness and can thus wield very

extraordinary powers there is the possibility of their falling from the great heights of spiritual

consciousness which they have scaled through the practice of Yoga. The possibility remains

as long as their consciousness is confined in the world of manifestation and has not become

permanently and irreversibly established in the world of Reality. It is only then that they are

free from the danger of a fall; even though they come down into the lower worlds of

manifestation to help their fellow men there is no danger of their being caught in illusions and

becoming bound to the wheel of births and deaths.

The stories and legends connected with the lives of all great Teachers of world

religions contain accounts of the great trials and temptations to which they were subjected

before they proved their incorruptibility and became entitled to give their spiritual message to

the world. The actual accounts given in the scriptures of these religions are not probably true

but the principle which they illustrate is true. All great Teachers of religion and in fact all

seekers after the ultimate Truth have to pass through tests and temptations of the subtlest kind

before they are allowed to pass through the threshold which separates the world of Reality

from the world of manifestation. In fact, this process of constant testing begins as soon as an

aspirant enters the path of Holiness and decides seriously and in a determined manner to find

the inner realities of existence and finally the Ultimate Reality. For, no one can be allowed to

pass through the portals of the innermost shrine of Holiness with any kind of weaknesses or

inadequacies lest he may betray the unlimited Divine powers which come to him naturally

without any seeking on his part.

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But we should remember that the tests and temptations through which people at these

high stages of spiritual development have to pass are not ordinary temptations connected with

ordinary human weaknesses. The stories we find in the scriptures are therefore somewhat

misleading because they depict the ordeals and temptations of ordinary people or ordinary

aspirants. What kind of temptations and ordeals candidates for Self-realization have to pass

through in their progress are beyond our comprehension because they relate to the high states

of consciousness and tremendous powers acquired by Yogis at those advanced stages. It

would be ridiculous to believe that a Yogi who has attained omniscience and omnipotence

would be subjected to temptations of an ordinary kind which can be resisted even by ordinary

sadhakas with some spiritual discrimination and will power. The reason why the accounts

given in the scriptures are related to ordinary human weaknesses and temptations lies

obviously in the fact that these scriptures are meant for the instruction of ordinary people who

are incapable of understanding the subtler realities of the inner life and the subtle kinds of

weaknesses which may still remain in the nature of sadhakas at those high stages of

development.

After dealing with the necessity of subjecting every candidate for Self-realization to

the most rigorous tests and ordeals in discussing the last aphorism let us now take up for our

consideration the present apparently incomprehensible aphorism which throws some light on

the manner and instruments through which such tests and ordeals are carried out. This

aphorism would make no sense unless we had a general idea of the Occult doctrine and

particularly of its concept regarding the nature of the manifested universe and the Reality

which is the basis of this universe. Even a superficial knowledge of this concept which is

based not upon guess work but upon the direct realizations of a long line of Adepts, mystics

and sages will show us how far modern Science has strayed from this underlying Truth in its

search for a Godless Reality in which it believes haltingly and pursues half-heartedly.

Before we deal with the aphorism as a whole it would be helpful if we try to

understand in a general way the significance of the phrases which constitute this aphorism,

which are of the most profound nature. In studying such aphorisms the serious student of the

Occult doctrine is fascinated not only by the depth of knowledge which Adepts of Occultism

have acquired regarding the innermost realities of life and existence but also by their capacity

to convey to the earnest and discriminating student and sadhakas the essence of knowledge

concerning these realities in a terse and yet comprehensive manner. But it is only those whose

intuitive faculty has been adequately developed who can grasp the significance and

importance of what is sought to be conveyed in such aphorisms. The sceptic or the half-

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hearted seeker after Truth will pass them by with a shrug of his shoulders or remain satisfied

with the literal meaning without any comprehension or appreciation of the profound truths

hidden within them.

Kavargadisu: The letters of the Sanskrit alphabet are arranged in groups, each group

being named after the first letter in that group which is called a varga. Kavarga is thus the

group beginning with ka and kavargadisu refers to the Sanskrit alphabet as a whole.

Mahesvaryadya: Mahesvara means ‘of Mahesa’ and adya means ‘the Supreme Power

from which all Divine powers are derived’. Mahesvaryadya therefore refers to Durga, the

Supreme Power of the Cosmic Logos.

Pasumatarah: means the Divine Mother whose power of illusion or Maya keeps souls

in the bondage of Samsara for the unfoldment of the Divine powers which are hidden within

their hearts in a potential form.

It is a well-known doctrine of Occultism that “Sound” in its mystic sense is the basis

of the manifested universe and the various powers which are needed for fulfilling different

Divine functions are inherent in specific sounds, each sound being a definite vibration

associated with a definite power and capable of bringing about certain definite results in

manifestation. Not only are simple sounds associated with specific powers, but compound

sounds produced by the permutations and combinations of simple sounds also have definite

powers inherent in them. This principle is, in fact, the basis of Mantra Yoga and Mantra

Sastra.

Since all kinds of sounds are considered to be capable of being produced by the letters

of the Sanskrit alphabet, the whole gamut of powers existing in manifestation and producing

the phenomenal worlds are considered to be based upon or derived from the letters of the

Sanskrit alphabet. This may not be literally true but there should be no difficulty in accepting

the general principle.

This aphorism, taken as a whole, merely points out the origin and basis of the unreal

world created by Divine Power or Sakti in its aspect of Maya. The purpose of creating the

phenomenal world is the evolution or unfoldment of consciousness of the countless Monads

who are involved in the manifested worlds and the instruments for creating this phenomenal

world are the sounds corresponding to the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet.

The use of the phrase Pasumatarah for this Divine Power requires some explanation.

Although the Sanskrit word pasu generally refers to an animal and when referring to man

implies contempt for him, in the present context it is used merely to indicate the stage of

bondage in the illusions and limitations of the lower worlds for the purpose of unfolding his

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Divine potentialities. The use of the word matarah in this context is very significant. It is

meant to show that the Divine Power which is also the Mother of all Monads evolving in the

manifested universe keeps the Monads in bondage only from motive of love, so that the

Divine potentialities which are hidden within them may become gradually unfolded and

passing through all the intermediate stages of evolution they may ultimately attain the stage of

a Solar Logos and acquire the omniscience and omnipotence associated with this stage.

The phenomenal world is really a school for the education of the Monads and not a

prison as is generally supposed by many people who have not made a deep and

comprehensive study of the Occult doctrine.

in the three stages referred to as jagrat, svapna, and susupti

the fourth state

from which the three states are derived and in which they are present in an integrated form

like the uninterrupted flow of oil

should be poured into.

III-20. The above aphorism states in metaphorical language that “the Yogi should

make constant effort to maintain the turiya or the fourth state of consciousness in the

background of the lower states so that he does not get involved again in the illusions of the

lower worlds. This turiya state is the Atmic state of consciousness in which there is partial

awareness of Reality, but owing to centralization of pure Consciousness it is not completely

free from the subtlest illusions and limitations of manifestation.”

After pointing out in the last aphorism the risk involved in remaining satisfied with the

exalted states of consciousness and extraordinary powers attained in the intermediate stages

the author gives in this aphorism the method of achieving the ultimate state of Enlightenment

which is permanent and irreversible and eliminates the risk of falling back into the lower

states. Although there is agreement among those who expound these truths that there is an

ultimate state of Enlightenment, and this state must be achieved if the possibility of becoming

involved again in the illusions of the lower worlds is to be eliminated, the names given to this

state and the conceptions associated with it differ to some extent in different schools of

thought. This state is called turiya or the ‘fourth state’ by some, kaivalya by others and

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sivavastha by those belonging to the Saiva schools of philosophy. In the Yoga-Sutra it is

referred to as Viveka-khyati aviplava in aphorism II-26,

The present and the next aphorism give the method of attaining this state of

irreversible and permanent awareness of Reality. This method consists in making a constant

and sustained effort to remain aware of this state which is called nityodita samadhi in

Pratyabhijna Hrdayam. Occasional and partial glimpses of this state which is called turiya

have already been obtained in the previous stages of the practice. But this is not enough for

reasons given above. The turiya state should not only be attained but made to permeate the

lower three states of consciousness uninterruptedly. This is possible because these lower three

states are derived from and are really the differentiated forms of the fourth state which is an

integrated state of consciousness.

The method recommended for acquiring this permanent and constant state of

awareness of Reality within the ever-changing and illusory changes of the phenomenal world

is, of course, constant practice. Whenever we want to acquire any kind of mental state in the

long and arduous practice of Yoga the first step is to gain a partial and temporary glimpse of

that state by intense practice of the proper methods prescribed for this purpose. This is the

most difficult stage because we have to organize our effort and mobilize all our mental

resources and theoretical knowledge intelligently to gain our objective. But once we have

succeeded in our effort and gained a temporary and partial glimpse, and thus acquired the

knack of doing the thing effectively, the next step is merely to repeat and continue our efforts

in that direction and obtain these glimpses of Reality more easily and frequently. And if we

persevere in our efforts a time comes when the temporary and partial glimpses are replaced by

a state of constant and full awareness of Reality. It is this simple fact which is sought to be

conveyed to the student in metaphorical language used in the aphorism under discussion.

The student should note that this method of gaining efficiency and ease of

performance in any sphere of human endeavour is not peculiar to the practice of Yoga and its

techniques. It is a universal principle to be followed in learning to do anything with ease and

ever-increasing perfection. Luckily for the sadhaka there is a limit to the perfection which has

to be acquired in this sphere and that limit is reached when his consciousness has become

united with the Universal Consciousness of Siva. For, now his consciousness has attained a

state which is integrated and is therefore changeless, limitless and boundless.

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by diving into

from the level of one's own mind

should enter.

III-21. How is the fourth state of consciousness referred to as turiya entered? The

above aphorism answers this question. “It is entered by diving into the deeper levels of

consciousness from the level of one's own mind.”

We saw in dealing with the last aphorism that attaining the fourth state of

consciousness or nityodita-samadhi amidst the lower three states of consciousness is ‘to keep

pouring the fourth state in the lower three states uninterruptedly’ to use the metaphorical

language used in this aphorism. In plain language this means that we have first to gain a

temporary glimpse of the fourth state or awareness of Reality by concentrating all our mental

resources and energies for this purpose, and when we have succeeded in doing so, to repeat

the process again and again until this fourth state becomes permanently established by the

practice of nirbija samadhi (I-51) and the final attainment of dharma-megha-samadhi (IV-29)

as pointed out in the Yoga-Sutra.

How is this turiya or fourth state gained amidst the lower three states? In order that no

doubt may be left on this point the author gives in the present aphorism the principle

underlying die method of doing so, a principle which is of general application in the practice

of samadhi in Yoga. The method, according to the aphorism we are discussing, consists in

diving progressively into the deeper layers of our own mind. The next deeper level of the

mind is entered by diving into it from the level of the mind we have already attained, and the

process is repeated in different stages of samadhi until the ultimate state of Enlightenment is

attained. As this question has been dealt with thoroughly in its various aspects in The Science

of Yoga we need not go into it further in the present context. But there are one or two points

concerning this ultimate state about which we should be quite clear in our mind if we are to

understand the deeper significance of this aphorism.

The first point to note is that the Turiya state of consciousness is not only the highest

state but is the parent or source of the three lower states of consciousness. The lower three

states, jagrat, svapna and susupti, are derived, as it were, from the integrated Turiya state and

can exist side by side with the Turiya state. So when the Yogi is in the Turiya state of

consciousness, his consciousness is not necessarily cut off from the lower worlds but can

function in these worlds in all the three states just as a person standing in a garden in bright

sunlight can see not only the white light coming from the sun but also the colours of the

various objects produced by this light. The Turiya state permeates and embraces the lower

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three states and it is this fact which makes it possible for a Self-realized individual to see the

whole manifested universe in all its aspects as the expression of the One Reality all the time.

No bheda-bhava or idea of distinctions and differences in the essential nature of all objects

and activities is left in his mind or can arise in his mind under any circumstances.

The second point to note with regard to the method of gaining this Turiya state is dual

in nature. On the one hand, it means the penetration of consciousness through its centre into

its deeper levels by the force of will-power, which means mastery over the technique of

samadhi. And on the other hand, it means the regulation and manipulation of currents of

prana and kundalini in the vehicles. The devices for transferring consciousness from one

plane to another are built into the mechanisms of the vehicles and a thorough and correct

knowledge of the working of these devices is necessary before the highest stages of the path

of Yoga can be trodden under the guidance of an Adept of Occultism.

It will be noted by the earnest student that Siva-Sutra deals with the problems of Yoga

and Self-realization from the highest point of view and covers in its vast sweep all the

essential and fundamental principles and techniques of Yoga. But as the treatise is meant for

the study and practice of only earnest and advanced aspirants the presentation is very terse

and only hints and general references to the principles and techniques involved in the intense

practice of Yoga are given. The sadhaka or the aspirant treading the path of Yoga or practical

Occultism is expected to have already acquired a general knowledge with regard to details

from other treatises like Yoga-Sutra, etc. and to have developed the necessary will-power and

habit of pursuing the difficult aim of spiritual endeavour with perseverance and determination.

Wishful thinking and half-hearted attempts to realize vague and high-sounding ideals have no

place in this field of spiritual endeavour, and those who do not possess the necessary

qualifications for treading this difficult path have first to concentrate all their efforts on the

development of these qualifications. Study of books like Light on the Path, Pratyabhijna

Hrdayam, Yoga-Sutra will give them a clear and comprehensive idea with regard to the nature

of these qualifications and the methods by which they can be developed.

the vital force which controls and regulates the activities of a vehicle of

consciousness

on proper regulation and direction of prana referred to as pranayama

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The attainment of the turiya state of consciousness which integrates all the three

lower states of consciousness into the unified state of Atmic consciousness.

III-22. “The attainment of die fourth state of consciousness in which the

consciousness of the Yogi is centred on the Atmic plane and the lower three states have

become integrated into one state also requires the regulation of the currents of prana and

kundalini in their respective channels within the body.”

It was pointed out in dealing with the last aphorism that attainment of higher states of

consciousness in Yoga involves not only the control and suppression of mental states and

activities referred to as citta-vrtti-nirodha in Yoga-Sutra but also the control and manipulation

of certain currents of energy like prana, kundalini, etc. which flow in definite channels in the

subtler vehicles and perform various functions not only in the invisible subtler vehicles but

also in the physical body. These vehicles of consciousness which are called sariras in Sanskrit

have a definite and intricate mechanism and the expression of consciousness and mind

through this mechanism depends upon the flow of these currents of energy. Much of this work

is carried out automatically by the involuntary nervous system, but the flow of these currents

and their manipulation can be brought under the control of die mind by certain Yogic

practices. When this faculty has been developed it is possible to direct these currents of prana

and kundalini through certain channels and by activating certain centres present in the subtler

vehicles to develop psychic powers and bring about expansions of consciousness.

The activation of these centres which are present in different parts of the brain and the

spinal column can be brought about both from below by the individual himself and from

above by the descent of Divine Power directed by a competent guru or the ista devata of the

sadhaka. The higher centres are under the control of Divine Consciousness and their

activation and the consequent expansion of consciousness can be brought about only by the

Divine Will, the guru acting generally merely as an agent of the Divine Will.

Initiations which play such a prominent role in the spiritual development of a disciple

are really the expansions of consciousness brought about by the manipulation of these forces

by those who have the necessary knowledge and power and also the authority to use their

power for such purposes. These occult matters are kept strictly secret because of the

possibility of misusing the powers which are inherent in the higher states of consciousness

and therefore appear naturally without any definite effort on the part of the disciple. This part

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of the work in the spiritual development of the disciple is generally undertaken when he has

developed the necessary qualifications which an Adept should possess and is nearing the end

of the path. It takes quite a long time to bring about these changes in the vehicles of the

disciple depending upon the potentialities which are present in him and the karma he has to

work out in the present life.

Although most students of Occultism and Yoga are familiar with the idea that there are

certain forces like prana and kundalini which have to be brought under control and

manipulated in the practice of Yoga the role of these forces in the attainment of the higher

states of consciousness is not fully understood and appreciated. There are two extreme

attitudes in regard to this matter which we find in those who are familiar with those things.

One class of raw aspirants have a great fascination for these pseudo-occult arts and are rash

enough to undertake all kinds of practices involving these subtler forces with the object of

gaining psychic power and being considered great Yogis.

The other class of people have a very vague and sometimes wrong notion about the

nature and importance of these forces and think that they have nothing to do with them in

their present life. They continue to live their life as before, indulging in its pleasures and

engaging in the ordinary pursuits of the worldly life without making any kind of effort to

overcome their weaknesses and prepare to tread that path which will lead them out of those

worlds of illusion.

Both these attitudes are incorrect and the result of lack of serious thought and spiritual

immaturity. These forces are not only realities but have a great role to play in our spiritual

life, even though this may not be possible in the immediate present. A proper understanding

of these is necessary not only for acquiring a balanced view with regard to the vital problems

of life but for making the necessary preparation for leading a life which is Self-contained,

Self-reliant and enlightened—spiritual in the real sense.

As has been explained in other contexts the involvement of the Monad in the lower

worlds has been brought about by the subjective illusions produced by Maya but also by being

tied to the objective mechanism of the vehicle through which consciousness works on the

lower planes of manifestation. It is for this reason that in the reverse process of freeing

ourselves from the bondage of the lower worlds, we have not only to use the twin weapons of

viveka and vairagya but also to adopt the necessary means to bring under control and learn to

manipulate the forces which flow through our vehicles, though this part of the work is

undertaken in the advanced stages of our training. As has been hinted at in the last few

aphorisms of Siva-Sutra even a Self-realized individual when working in the lower worlds

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becomes partially separated from the world of Reality for the time being and depends upon

the manipulation of the forces like prana and kundalini in the susumna mechanism for re-

establishing his full contact with the world of Reality when his work is finished. Again many

defects and deficiencies in our ordinary life are rooted in the disharmonious working and

disorganization of these forces and their currents and a proper correction of these defects by a

competent person can lead to the effective and permanent removal of our troubles. So, let us

try to understand and acquire a balanced and correct attitude towards these important factors

in our life in order that we may be able at least to make preparations for entering the path of

Holiness which leads ultimately to Enlightenment.

The aphorism we are discussing is meant to emphasize this objective aspect of our

self-discipline in which we have to learn to control our vehicles and to manipulate the forces

flowing through them. In order that we may be able to appreciate its significance we should

note the significance of the Sanskrit word sama. This word is used in many different senses

but in the present context its meaning in the two phrases in which it is used is obvious.

In the first phrase, it is meant to point out that the realization of that State which is

referred to as samadarsana is possible only when the currents of prana which flow normally

in the vehicles only to make them function properly, are manipulated in a particular manner

and made to flow through particular channels in a definite manner. This kind of working of

prana in the vehicles is quite different from its normal working to make the vehicles perform

their normal functions. This technique is generally referred to as pranayama but pranayama is

not what it is supposed to be by superficial students, the mere regulation of breath with the

idea of increasing vitality and curing certain diseases. There is a whole Science of a

complicated nature which deals with these practices and makes their proper and safe use

possible. It involves not only the regulation of breath in the physical body but also of the

forces which flow in the subtler vehicles which interpenetrate the physical body and enable it

to become an efficient instrument of mind and consciousness. It is this proper regulation and

manipulation of prana which is referred to as pranasamacare.

In the phrase samadarsanam the word sama means ‘same’, ‘identical’ and the phrase

obviously refers to that synthetic vision of the manifested universe by a Self-realized

individual in which all its constituents and aspects are seen merely as different aspects of the

One Reality and the bheda-bhava (feeling of difference) which characterizes the vision of an

ordinary individual is not present. This is the state of constant awareness of Reality and for

maintaining it, it is necessary that prana and other subtler currents in the body should flow in

a particular harmonized and controlled manner.

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states of mind or consciousness existing in the middle, i.e. between the state of

full Self-realization and the state of ajnana (ignorance) of the ordinary individual

are

inferior; should be outgrown or transcended

arise; can appear owing to previous

samskaras.

III-23. “The state of full Self-realization must be attained because unless the Yogi is

firmly and irreversibly established in the world of Reality his consciousness can revert to the

lower states vitiated by illusion.”

The ultimate object of all spiritual endeavour is the attainment of an uninterrupted and

full awareness of Reality referred to as samadarsanam in the previous aphorism. This state is

gained only after prolonged and intensive practice and in the preceding stages interruptions

are bound to occur with more or less frequency according to the progress made by the

sadhaka. These interruptions take the form of reversion to the lower states of consciousness in

which the sadhaka may succumb to the subtle temptations to which he is subjected and may

get involved in the attractions and joys of the lower worlds. Once he goes off the track there is

no knowing when he will regain his sense of spiritual discrimination and strength of will and

try to come back to the path of spiritual unfoldment he has left. Even if he realizes his mistake

and makes an effort to regain his original state it may take him years or even lives to attain the

state which he has lost. It is to these interruptions and involvements in the attractions of the

lower worlds again to which aphorism III-23 refers.

In the highly advanced stages of spiritual progress these interruptions may mean only

the temporary reversion of consciousness to states somewhat lower than the state of full

Enlightenment of which glimpses have been obtained previously. It should not be forgotten

that the samadhi state itself consists of graded states of contemplation and the highest state is

attained by rising from one state to another. Reversion to a lower state may therefore mean

only the reversal of this process and descending down to the lower rungs of the ladder by

which we have ascended to the highest state.

This kind of reversion is quite different from the reversion referred to previously in

which the individual gets involved in the attractions of the lower worlds and temporarily loses

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sight of his ideals and the goal which he has to reach. What is said in the next aphorism shows

that it is this kind of reversion to a lower state of consciousness which is referred to in the

present aphorism. From the highest point of view any deviation from the state of awareness of

the One Reality in which the slightest degree of bheda-bhava has appeared is a reversion to a

lower state. Judged by our ordinary standards this lower state of consciousness may be an

exalted one, out of reach of the common man, but from the standards of higher Yoga it may

be considered as a ‘fall’ from the great heights which have been attained previously. In these

things as in all other things in which gradation is involved it is a matter of relativity.

reaching as far as the full measure of anything

experience or cognition of

the Real Self

by fixing mind on; by constant contemplation

that which is lost; the

highest State of consciousness

is again found.

III-24. “By repeated attempts to attain the highest possible state of consciousness in

the world of Reality, that State which was previously lost by reversion into lower states is

permanently attained.”

It is clear from what is expounded in the Yoga-Sutra and Pratyabhijna Hrdayam that

there are definitely two stages in the attainment of Self-realization. The first stage is reached

when consciousness after transcending all mental states becomes centred in the individual

Centre of Consciousness which includes and embraces all mental states and is also partially in

contact with the world of Reality through the Atmic Centre which connects the world of the

manifest and the unmanifest. In this state the Yogi realizes himself as an individual Atma,

separate and yet one with the other individual Atmas in existence. The knowledge gained in

this state is called Atma-bodha or Atma-bhava in Sanskrit.

But the Yogi must realize sooner or later that this is not the ultimate state of Self-

realization which can be attained only by piercing through the Centre of Consciousness and

emerging into the world of Reality which exists on the other side of the Centre, if we may say

so. When he fully realizes this fact, even the attractions of the Atmic plane like Omniscience

and Omnipotence lose their glamour for him and he directs all his energies towards the

realization of the ultimate state which exists on the other side of the Centre of Consciousness

in the world of Reality as pointed out in aphorism IV-25 of the Yoga-Sutra. In this state his

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individual consciousness becomes one with the Universal Consciousness which is referred to

as the Siva state.

The aphorism we are discussing points out the method of attaining this second and

ultimate stage of Self-realization in which the Yogi remains permanently and constantly

aware of his Real nature and oneness with Paramatma. He has already gained temporary and

partial glimpses of this ultimate state but this full awareness is interrupted by partial

awareness of the lower through exalted states of consciousness. The method consists simply

in making repeated efforts to attain the state of full Self-realization whenever reversion to a

lower state takes place. In course of time this tendency to revert to the lower state disappears

completely and the Spiritual Sun of the Consciousness of Siva shines constantly and

unobstructed in the firmament of the individual consciousness and the awareness of the unity

of the two is maintained without any interruption.

the universal integrated Consciousness and Power in the Unmanifest which is the

root and source of all phenomena of Consciousness and power in the manifest

of the

same kind, likeness, having the same attributes

becomes.

III-25. “On attaining the highest state beyond the Atmic state of consciousness, the

consciousness of the Yogi becomes one with and thus acquires the attributes of the

Consciousness of Siva or Paramatma.”

This aphorism should be understood and interpreted carefully in the fight of the Occult

Doctrine taking into account the fundamental concepts of this doctrine regarding the origin

and nature of the universe and how its vast and complicated machinery is made to run so

smoothly and harmoniously without there being any visible power or agency to supervise its

working. Only those who have a clear grasp of the fundamental principles upon which the

working of a manifested universe is based will be able to appreciate the profound significance

of this aphorism and those which follow it to provide a richer content to its meaning.

Although Science has studied in great detail and with great precision the laws and

facts regarding the nature and origin of the universe and the laws of Nature which govern its

working its theories regarding the origin and nature of the universe are of no value because

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they are based on false premises and prejudiced ideas adopted arbitrarily to suit the

convenience of a materialistic philosophy. Although Science has made tremendous progress

in technological development owing to the experimental data which it has collected with

regard to physical facts and laws of Nature its theories regarding the origin and nature of the

universe and life in general are merely wild guesses made to look respectable and profound in

the eyes of the common man by presenting them in the garb of scientific thought coloured

with the spirit of philosophical enquiry. The fact that the path of development of scientific

thought regarding the nature and origin of the universe and man is strewn with the wrecks of

discarded theories is a proof of what has been said above.

It is not possible to discuss in the present context these larger questions of life and

existence in general. These have been dealt with in appropriate places in other books. But the

student and aspirant who is serious about understanding and solving the deeper problems of

human life should make at least a general study of the Occult Doctrine as a whole and make

himself familiar with its fundamental concepts, because there is no other source of reliable

information regarding these vital problems except what is given in this Doctrine in a

concentrated form and in the great religions of the world in a more diffused and rigid form.

In order to understand properly the significance of this terse aphorism it is necessary

to recall that the Supreme Reality is an integrated state and anyone who becomes aware of

that Reality knows himself as one essentially and identical with that Reality. Self-realization

is not therefore a question of growing into something which is tremendously greater than

oneself but of merely becoming aware of a feet which has always existed or rather which is of

an eternal nature. We merely become aware of it on account of the removal of obscurations

which our mind created owing to the centralization of our consciousness and the consequent

limitation of our powers.

It is also necessary to recall in this connection the essential characteristics of the

integrated state which have been discussed in Man, God and the Universe. Because it is One,

Complete, Whole and without divisions of any kind within itself it is the same everywhere, all

the time, and all those whose centres of consciousness are established in that State are aware

of the same Reality in its fullness and all-embracing nature.

The student should note carefully the subtle meaning of the Sanskrit word tulya for the

proper understanding of the meaning of this word depends upon his grasping correctly the real

significance of the aphorism. This word means both “identical” as well as “of the same kind”.

It is not easy to define its meaning in the present context because it involves the whole

relation of the One and the Many. When the individual Atma realizes its oneness with the

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Paramatma, the relation established between the two is not easy to comprehend, much less to

define. There is no doubt that the Atma is essentially of the same nature as the Paramatma

and shares the Consciousness and Power of the Paramatma who is referred to as Siva in this

aphorism, but obviously the two cannot be exactly the same or identical. And yet it is difficult

to see where the difference lies.

The Occult doctrine that there is an inner government in every manifested world and

different members of this Occult Hierarchy hold different offices of responsibility in the

graded Hierarchy shows clearly that in spite of the Oneness and Sameness existing in the

background of the consciousness of Self-realized individuals there are subtle but very definite

differences in their consciousness when it functions in the world of manifestation and wields

different kinds of powers in the fulfilment of the Divine Plan. But these differences are not at

all of the kind we find in those who constitute modern governments of different kinds in

different countries of the world. There is a vast and fundamental difference between the two

and the reasons for these differences are not far to seek. Those who constitute the hierarchies

of modern governments are people who are still mentally, morally and spiritually

undeveloped and involved in the gross illusions and limitations of this world. In fact, they are

involved in grosser illusions than the ordinary decent man in any society because the exercise

of power without a keen sense of spiritual discrimination and selflessness tends to corrupt the

nature of man and obscures his buddhi with thicker veils of illusion, although he becomes less

and less aware of this fact as his nature becomes more and more corrupt. These limitations do

not exist in the slightest degree in the case of Self-realized individuals who constitute the

inner governments of different worlds.

body; vehicle of consciousness

mode of leading life; course of conduct

a religious act of devotion; act of austerity.

III-26. “Such a Self-realized Mahatma, although free from the compulsion of

reincarnation, can maintain vehicles in the manifest world to help humanity as an act of

austerity.”

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The attainment of full and irreversible Self-realization which is described or rather

hinted at in the last aphorism marks a definite and fundamental stage in the unfoldment of

consciousness and the powers of a Monad. Most of the remaining aphorisms of this Section of

Siva-Sutra are meant to throw some light on the life, functions, state of consciousness and

powers of these Great Beings who have gone beyond the human stage and entered the

kingdom of Superhuman Beings. They supervise the working of the Divine Plan throughout

the manifested universe and perform functions of such an exalted nature that we cannot even

comprehend them. This kingdom of Superhuman Beings extends beyond the realm of

manifestation and its range and the powers which its members exercise can be judged from

the fact that it includes within its vast embrace all the Logoi or Isvaras who rule over the

countless solar systems scattered throughout space.

So little has been revealed about these august Beings and their work in the fragments

of the Occult doctrine which is known to us that whatever little information is available about

them is of inestimable value to us and should be studied very carefully by every serious

student of the Sacred Science. This is not a matter of mere academic interest to the aspirant

who intends to tread the Path of practical Occultism or has already entered it. It is of vital

interest and importance to him because sooner or later he will have to come into contact with

these Great Beings and become their humble servant in the benevolent work which they are

doing for humanity. They are unknown and unrecognized and yet are the guarantors of our

success in the search for Truth and the regaining of our lost Divine heritage. Without the

tremendous sacrifices of these Lords of Wisdom and Compassion for the upliftment of

humanity where would we be both as individuals and as humanity as a whole in this vast

universe of frightful uncertainties and ignorance of the natural laws which govern it?

In considering the present aphorism and the two following it, it would be helpful if we

remember that the observance of certain vows, the recitation of certain mantras and giving to

the needy a part of our wealth is a religious duty enjoined on every Hindu. These three

aphorisms merely indicate in what way these duties are performed when any of these Great

Beings come down into the world as religious Teachers for showing to the ordinary man the

path of liberation from the miseries and illusions of the lower worlds.

This kind of life has been lived not only by teachers of the Hindu religion but also by

the teachers of all great religions as the history of these religions shows clearly. There are, of

course, minor differences owing to the different circumstances under which they worked but

the broad pattern of life of practically every great Teacher who has worked in the outer world

for the establishment of a particular religion or for promoting the influence of a religion is

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practically the same. Of course, the number of these Great Beings who come down for this

kind of work from time to time to give the spiritual message is very small as compared with

those who work constantly behind the scenes to help individuals in their spiritual development

or help humanity as a whole in other ways about which we know very little.

The enigmatic aphorism we are discussing indicates what kind of vow a liberated

individual can observe when he has gone beyond the human stage and it is not necessary for

him to observe any vow for the purpose of strengthening his will or overcoming any weakness

in his character. The meaning of this apparently incomprehensible phrase—sarira-vrttih—

which indicates the nature of his vow will become clear if we recall that those who become

Liberated enter and become permanently established in the world of Reality. In this world

their individual consciousness remains constantly united with the Universal Consciousness of

Siva and so is all the time aware of its Sat-cit-ananda nature. It is therefore Self-contained,

Self-sufficient and Self-determined and needs no external experience outside itself either for

removing any deficiency which is felt within, or for the unfoldment of any faculties which are

present within it in a potential form.

We come down into the lower worlds in order to gain experiences of various kinds

either to satisfy our desires or to develop our potential faculties and powers. Liberation

implies the unlimited expansion of our consciousness and therefore the attainment of that

Supreme transcendental knowledge in which all powers and faculties are inherent. Therefore,

those who are Liberated need not come down into the lower worlds for gaining more

experience or for satisfying desires of any kind. Not only this, those who are liberated and

established in the world of Reality are living in such an exalted state of being that the best

kind of life in the lower worlds is for them nothing but a kind of imprisonment within their

vehicles accompanied by a tremendous limitation of their powers and faculties inherent in

embodied existence.

Why do they, then, descend into the lower worlds and put up with all the

inconveniences and discomforts which life under such conditions means? Simply to help their

fellow men who are still suffering from the illusions of these worlds and therefore are

confined within them and afflicted with their miseries without any prospect of relief. These

Liberated Beings come down into the lower worlds not only to give mankind the spiritual

message that human beings are really Divine in their essential nature but also to show them

the Path, by treading which they can regain the awareness of their Divinity and become free.

It is from this purely benevolent motive that they come down into the lower worlds to

do their work of helping their brethren who are still confined in these worlds. There is no

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necessity or compulsion for them to undertake this work. They do it because they have

realized the underlying unity of life and know that those who are still held in bondage are a

part and parcel of the One Life and therefore to be helped in every possible manner. This is

the reason why they take the vow of remaining embodied when they can live a life of

complete freedom and bliss in union with the Divine life.

The significance of the phrase sarira-vrtti for denoting the vow which is taken by

these Great Beings should be noted. It is meant to indicate that the bodies into which they

descend into the lower worlds for doing their work are not bodies in the sense in which they

are in the case of ordinary mortals. Having realized that the whole world with its seemingly

solid and tangible objects is nothing but a play of mind in the field of consciousness, they

know that these bodies within which men are confined are merely vrttis in their minds, mental

phenomena, although to ordinary people they appear tangible and solid, something apart and

outside their mind. That is why they are not affected by what happens to their bodies or in

their environment. But even then the inconvenience and discomfort of putting on an

uncomfortable cloak and working through it is there. But they can take it off and put it away

whenever they are free from their work and function in their subtler bodies or in the pure

realm of consciousness.

It is necessary to remember and realize that the incarnation of a Liberated individual

for the purpose of exercising any function in the Divine Plan is a self-imposed limitation from

which he has nothing to gain individually. It is a self-imposed limitation of a really free

individual and has therefore the characteristic of a voluntary act as in the case of a vrata

(vow) undertaken by a sadhaka. The difference lies in the motive. The vrata of a sadhaka is

undertaken to strengthen the will or purify his nature. The vrata of a Liberated individual is

undertaken only to help others or to fulfil a function in the Divine Plan.

religious discourse

repeating a mantra or prayer in an undertone or

mentally.

III-27. “In his case, the religious discourse which he is delivering constantly is a kind

of japa, or repetition of the message of man's divinity to his fellow beings.”

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The repetition of certain mantras is the second daily religious observance enjoined on

every Hindu. Its purpose is to impress upon the mind of the sadhaka certain ideas and help

him to realize the spiritual truths underlying those ideas. What form does japa take in the case

of a Self-realized individual who has found Reality and gone beyond the necessity of

performing japa? He recites daily the holy scriptures and expounds the spiritual truths

embodied in these scriptures to those who come to hear him. Such recitations in gatherings of

Hindus is called katha in Sanskrit and is a common religious practice which serves to keep

alive the truths of the spiritual life among the masses. Those who expound these truths are not

Mahatmas but only learned people but such expositions do serve the purpose of making the

common people familiar with the high ideals of the spiritual life and derive whatever

inspiration they can from them in living their daily life.

When an individual who has realized these truths, and not merely comprehended them

intellectually, expounds these truths of the spiritual life the effect produced on his hearers is

much deeper for two reasons. Firstly, behind the words uttered by such an individual are the

vibrations emanating from his spiritual vehicles which tend to arouse similar vibrations in the

vehicles of the hearers. Secondly, the life lived by such an individual embodies the truths

which he seeks to expound and therefore serves as a powerful source of inspiration to those

who come in contact with him. Those who practise what they preach exercise much greater

influence on their hearers than those who merely communicate high ideals on the intellectual

plane. This is the secret of the great influence exercised by all saints, sages and great religious

teachers of the world on their followers.

It should also be noted that those who have realized the truths of spiritual life and are

actually aware of the unity of life cannot help spending all the time at their disposal in sharing

these truths with others and making them realize the necessity of gaining actual realization of

these truths. When we have anything of value we always want to share it with those who are

near and dear to us. Because the Truth which a Self-realized individual has discovered is of

such vital importance to every human being, and every human being is dear to him on account

of the Divine Life which he sees in him, it is no wonder that most of those who have had even

an inkling of this Truth spend the rest of their life in trying to communicate it to others with

the greatest earnestness and perseverance.

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charity; giving away of things which others need

Divine wisdom;

knowledge concerning the nature of the Self and the methods of attaining it.

III-28. “The constant dissemination of the Divine Wisdom is his gift to those around

him or to those who come in contact with him.”

The giving away of what we have and what others need is considered to be a part of

religious life. This gift should normally be the best which the person is capable of giving. A

wealthy man who has only wealth should give things of a physical nature, an artist should

give expressions of his art, a learned man should give his intellectual knowledge. But a Yogi

who has attained the supreme knowledge of Reality should give to others this knowledge and

the inspiration for striving after this knowledge. That is why the life of saints and sages is a

continuous and earnest effort for ministering to the spiritual needs of those who come to them

for such knowledge, inspiration and guidance.

How far spiritual knowledge can be transmitted from one person to another is a

question to be considered carefully. It is true that the crude sense in which the Sanskrit phrase

Atmajnana is used these days, i.e. the intellectual knowledge concerning the Divine nature of

man and the possibility of becoming aware of this fact, can be communicated to others,

sometimes in a very effective and interesting manner. But what is transmitted to the receiver

generally is only a set of ideas which are as sterile for the receiver as for the giver from the

spiritual point of view.

As an individual advances in his spiritual development he is able to give something

more vital—inspiration and impetus—to the life of those who come in contact with him for

guidance. As he advances still further he is able to awaken viveka and vairagya and the urge

to tread that path which leads ultimately to Enlightenment. In short, an individual is able to

transmit in these spiritual matters only what he himself has got and not what he merely

professes or expounds.

It is not a question of setting an example of spiritual life, for real spiritual life is a

matter of awareness of the Spirit and there is no particular outer form or mode of behaviour

by which it can be measured or expressed. It is a state of consciousness within the individual

which others cannot see, though it is possible for those who themselves have developed their

spiritual nature to some extent, to sense and appreciate this spirituality in really spiritual

people with whom they come in contact.

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What a really spiritual person who is aware of the Reality present within him gives is

invisible, intangible, immeasurable and yet extremely powerful. He is able to stir up within

those who have the necessary potentiality the deeper urges and powers which lie dormant

within all of us and are necessary for treading the path of Enlightenment with perseverance

and determination. The result of this impetus imparted in this invisible manner may not

appear for a long time. In fact, the deeper the impetus given by the spiritual person at an

advanced stage of spiritual unfoldment the longer the time its effects take to appear in the life

of the recipient. But the changes which take place are deep-seated, irresistible and far-

reaching.

In the case of a Self-realized individual it is not only this kind of spiritual urge and

impetus which can be imparted to a qualified aspirant. Such a Mahatma can also impart direct

knowledge of the inner realities of spiritual life by raising temporarily the consciousness of

the recipient by proper manipulation of forces and spiritual currents flowing normally along

the nadis present in the body of every human being. This is really what happens in all true

initiations. But, of course, an individual who has such knowledge and authority can do so only

when he receives inspiration from above as an agent of the Divine Life and the recipient is

qualified and ready for such an expansion of consciousness. There can be no favouritism in

imparting such knowledge to others.

from

which means ‘who’

protection

knowledge

becomes source

of, becomes cause, instrument

and.

III-29. “He becomes the bestower of direct knowledge and protection to those who are

qualified and are initiated by him.”

It was pointed out in dealing with the last aphorism that spiritual knowledge which can

be communicated to others by a properly qualified teacher is of two kinds. One is theoretical

knowledge regarding the realities of spiritual life which is in the form of ideas which can be

communicated through the medium of language. The other is direct knowledge of the inner

realities of spiritual life which cannot be expressed adequately through the medium of

language but can be communicated by a properly qualified guru to his disciple through direct

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experiences brought about by occult means which are a strictly guarded secret of practical

Occultism.

The last aphorism refers to the first kind of knowledge which is spread far and wide

among common people by all spiritual teachers to raise the moral tone of the people and help

aspirants in die early stage of their spiritual progress. Such knowledge is communicated

through public discourses, books and other external means available for this purpose.

The second kind of knowledge is communicated privately to individuals who are real

seekers after Truth and have the requisite qualifications for taking advantage of such

knowledge. It also implies that the individual who gives this knowledge to the properly

qualified disciples has himself realized the truth which he communicates to them and is

familiar with the technique which is employed in such communication. Here the Sanskrit

word jna does not mean ordinary knowledge which can be communicated orally through the

medium of language but real knowledge communicated directly through initiation in which

saktipata or descent of Divine Power takes place, activates the psychic centres in the bodies

of the recipient and protects him from any harm due to incorrect use of power.

Unlike ordinary theoretical knowledge concerning spiritual matters, real spiritual

knowledge based upon direct experience cannot be communicated to anybody and everybody.

The two conditions which are required are (1) Those who are seeking such knowledge must

have real and intense desire for such knowledge and not merely a half-hearted wish to have

the knowledge in the vague hope that it will do them some good and help them in their

spiritual life (2) They must have the necessary qualifications for taking advantage of this

knowledge for their spiritual progress. Unless the necessary moral and intellectual base has

been properly prepared, communication of the truths of spiritual life is like throwing seeds on

barren ground which has not been properly prepared.

of the Supreme Self

by the power of

can put together or create

universe; a manifested system which is self-contained.

III-30. “He becomes capable of creating a manifested system by the Power of the

Supreme Self with which he becomes endowed.”

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In studying the Siva-Sutra the terminology which is used in referring to certain

realities of the inner life or to express certain profound ideas should be properly understood

and carefully noted so that the student can correlate these ideas with the same ideas in

different schools of Occultism. The ideas and concepts which are sought to be communicated

are basically the same as in other systems of Yoga or philosophy but the words used and the

manner of expressing them are so different that unless the student has a clear grasp of the

fundamental principles underlying the doctrines of all genuine schools of Occultism he may

get confused or get an entirely wrong impression about what is sought to be communicated

through the extremely terse aphorisms of this treatise.

Another fact which should be kept in mind is that the interpretation of any aphorism

should be in harmony with broad principles of the Occult Doctrine and the occult tradition as

far as possible.

Philosophers and scientists, whatever their intellectual attainments, are human beings

and generally suffer from the common frailties of human beings. The tendency to twist

scientific discoveries and newly discovered facts to suit their pet theories and strengthen them

is quite common even among highly intellectual people and perhaps no one can be free from

this tendency until he has risen above the realm of the mind into the world of Reality. The

aspirant who hopes one day to enter this world of Reality and wants to prepare himself for

that highest privilege should try to eliminate this tendency from his nature and to learn to see

things as they are and not through the dense clouds of prejudice or glamour of worldly

attractions.

This warning is particularly necessary for the aspirant or sadhaka who has to steer the

ship of his life through all kinds of dangers on the uncharted seas of existence and to depend

upon his own judgment and intuitive perception in guiding it to the chosen haven of

Enlightenment. To be able to see the truth among the different and sometimes conflicting

claims of different schools of philosophy and teachings of religions will be the first test to

which he will be subjected in order to find out whether he has lit his own inner lamp of

intuitive perception which alone can shed unfailing light on his Path.

The aphorism we are discussing can be used to illustrate what has been said in the

above paragraphs.

Let us take the Sanskrit word sva which generally means ‘self’ or ‘belonging to

oneself,’ but in this aphorism is used in a special sense. It is used for that Supreme Reality

which is the root of Consciousness-Power and is generally referred to in Hindu philosophy as

the Siva-Sakti Tattva. It is also used for that Reality which is generally referred to as the

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Self—with a capital ‘S’'—and means the Supreme Spirit in eastern literature. The many

compound words used in Occult literature containing this word sva such as sva-samvit, sva-

pratyaya, sva-matra, all refer to this Supreme Reality which is the source of, and lies hidden

at the basis of, both the manifest and the unmanifest. It is this Reality which is the ultimate

object of pursuit in Higher Yoga, whose knowledge gives the seeker Liberation from the

illusions and miseries of human life and sets his feet on that unknown and incomprehensible

Path of unfoldment which enables him ultimately to function as the Logos of a solar system.

This aphorism is sometimes interpreted loosely by those who are not familiar with the

true Occult Doctrine as implying that the Yogi who has become established in the world of

Reality and has acquired Siva-tulyata (III-26) can create a universe by the Divine Power

which he has acquired as a result of the unification of his consciousness with the Universal

Consciousness referred to as Siva in Siva-Sutra. Considering the large number of Liberated

Beings existing in the universe if every such Being were free to exercise this Power there

would be countless universes existing side by side and instead of there being a Cosmos there

will be chaos. This is, therefore, obviously an absurd interpretation considering the fact that

according to the Occult Doctrine, there is only one Cosmic Logos or Visvesvara ruling over

the whole Cosmos, and even the Solar Logoi who are the Presiding Deities of countless solar

systems function within his Consciousness and under his direction.

What the above aphorism is meant really to indicate is that the present universe which

is running its course in the eternal alternation of Srsti and Pralaya is the result of the Power of

the Supreme Self and the expression of that Supreme Self referred to as Siva in Siva-Sutra.

As has been pointed out in other contexts the world of Reality is an integrated State in

which there are no distinctions, no lines of demarcation between the consciousness of the

Liberated Beings and the Supreme Consciousness of Siva. So the creation of the manifested

universe can be considered as due to the Power of Siva or the Power of any Liberated Being

who shares His Supreme Consciousness.

maintenance; preservation in the manifested form

re-absorption, reversion

to a potential state.

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III-31. “For the same reason he has the capacity to maintain and bring about

dissolution of the manifested system.”

According to the Occult Doctrine the manifested universe not only comes out of the

unmanifest Reality but also remains in that Reality when it is manifest. The manifest state of

the universe is not something apart from or outside the unmanifest state but may be

considered only an aspect of that Reality which is One, Whole and Perfect and is the basis of

both states. Similarly when pralaya takes place the manifest does not disappear but merely

merges with the unmanifest in a mysterious condition and remains in that condition till the

period of pralaya is over and the manifest universe again appears from the unmanifest. The

two states and the three processes of creation, maintenance and destruction are not

independent of each other but transformations and transpositions in the same Reality. They

may be considered merely as different aspects of the same Reality of which the Liberated

individual becomes aware on entering into the world of Reality. It is this synthetic vision and

awareness of the One Reality which sets an individual free from the illusions and limitations

of samara which is referred to in Pratyabhijna Hrdayam in aphorisms 6, 9 and 12. And it is

also this awareness of the One Reality which enables the Self-realized Adhikari-Purusa to

remain unattached and unaffected naturally by what happens in the manifested universe or in

the particular activity in which he is engaged in fulfilling the Divine Plan.

This is a point which should be understood clearly. If we actually perceive the whole

universe in all its aspects and levels as merely different transpositions and transformations in

the One Reality (Sva-samvit) brought about by the Divine Power (Sva-sakti) then the question

of being attached to one portion or one expression of that Reality does not arise. For, it is only

when there is bheda-bhava or the awareness of distinction of one part from another that there

can be preference for one in relation to another, which is another name for attachment or

moha. When we see every thing happening as a transformation of the One Reality, where is

the possibility of getting attached to any portion or aspect in preference to another? So

freedom from bheda-bhava and moha is inherent in the very nature of awareness of the One

Reality.

Whether this freedom from bheda-bhava leads to the awareness of the One Reality or

vice versa is a question which is redundant. For when we are dealing with two aspects of the

same Reality and these aspects must coexist, it is useless to enquire which comes first. Both

must arise simultaneously in the field of consciousness. The attainment of this state of

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consciousness is produced in different ways or by following different methods as the study of

Siva-Sutra or Yoga-Sutra indicates clearly.

It will be seen that aphorisms III-30 and III-31 go together. Together they refer to the

triple aspect of a Logos which is represented by Brahma, Visnu and Rudra. While aphorisms

III-26, III-27 and III-28 refer to three aspects of the external life of a Self-realized Adhikari

Purusa when he comes down voluntarily into the lower worlds to help his brethren, aphorisms

III-29, 30 and 31 give indication of the tremendous powers which he can wield when

required. These are really the Divine powers which are inherent in Divine Consciousness or

the Siva state, but since his consciousness is now in perfect union with that State he has the

privilege of using them if and when the fulfilment of the Divine Plan requires it. But he uses

them as a conscious agent of that Supreme Reality and not as an independent individual

however high he may have advanced spiritually.

that

activity (teaching, creation, etc.) occupation with

even though, in

spite of

thoroughly separated

svasamvit, the Supreme Self, Ultimate Reality

awareness.

III-32. “Although such a Self-realized individual is engaged in activities referred to in

the previous aphorisms he is utterly unattached to them on account of his consciousness being

established in the world of Reality.”

In aphorism III-25, the permanent and irreversible establishment of the consciousness

of a Self-realized Yogi in the world of Reality is hinted at. This opens out new vistas of

achievement in the realm of the pure Spirit of which we can hardly have any comprehension

and about which very little has been revealed in Occult literature. Siva-Sutra is one of the very

few treatises which throws some light on post-human unfoldment of consciousness and the

functioning of a Liberated Mahatma when he descends into the lower worlds to take part in

the working of the Divine Plan as an Adhikari Purusa. Such an individual occupies different

offices of increasing responsibility and power in the Divine Plan leading ultimately to the

assumption of the Divine function of a Solar Logos or Isvara.

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Considering the countless number of solar systems existing in the universe, and the

groups of solar systems which are called galaxies, one can see what a tremendous and

splendid part the inconceivable post-human unfoldment of consciousness plays in the Divine

Plan. The limitless nature of the universe as discovered by Science is not surprising

considering the countless numbers of Monads who are evolving in the universe in conditions

of infinite variety. Every Monad who has become involved in manifestation is destined to be

liberated and play his individually unique part in the Divine Plan in roles of increasing

splendour, responsibility and power. It is this fact which is an integral part of the Occult

Doctrine which imparts tremendous meaning and purpose to the existence of the universe and

makes it a wonderful expression of the Divine life even in its phenomenal aspect. Beside this

splendid conception which is based upon the experience of the Adepts of Occultism the

materialistic conception which modern Science offers appears meaningless and purposeless.

But the Occult conception is so profound and complicated in its structural aspect that we

should not expect the Occult doctrine to give us a clear and well-defined scheme of the

Cosmos. Vague hints and faint glimpses of a wonderful reality beyond human comprehension

is all that we can hope for at our present stage of evolution.

The aphorisms of Siva-Sutra which follow aphorism III-25 are meant to show what

kind of life a Liberated Mahatma leads when he comes down into the physical world to give

his spiritual message. These also indicate the state of his consciousness which enables him to

act as an Adhikari Purusa, and with his innermost consciousness centred in the world of

Reality, to move and work among common people in order to uplift them, All these aphorisms

are therefore of vital importance to every aspirant and disciple who is either treading the path

of practical Occultism or preparing to do so. The essential nature of the self-discipline which

is followed in the lower or higher stages of the Path is practically the same. In the earlier

stages we try to do imperfectly what has to be done perfectly when we are nearing this goal.

Not only this, what a disciple has to do while he is treading the Path should reflect, even

though in a faint manner, the life and attitude of a Liberated individual. The attitude of utter

non-attachment to the activity in which he is engaged, freedom from any kind of selfish

motives in helping other people, not allowing the inner levels of his consciousness to be

affected by what is happening in the phenomenal world around him, are some of the

characteristics of a Mahatma which an aspirant can try to develop from the very beginning

when he enters the Path.

He cannot, of course, have the awareness of Reality, the realization of the unity of life,

the freedom from all kinds of illusions which are naturally present in the case of a Mahatma

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and which enable him to live and act as he does without making an effort of any kind. But the

aspirant can make constant efforts in this direction and develop the qualifications which will

enable him to tread the path of Enlightenment steadily and earnestly and one day become a

Mahatma himself. For, every human being has the Divine potentiality hidden within his heart

and it is all a matter of converting that potentiality into an active form by self-discipline and

intense effort to unfold the deeper layers of one's consciousness.

According to the Occult doctrine many of the individuals who have attained Self-

realization descend into the lower worlds to take part in the working of the Divine Plan and

have to play various roles in the drama which is being enacted on the vast stage of the

universe. Those who have reached die highest stages in the unfoldment of their consciousness

become the Logoi or Isvaras of solar systems.

As this means turning their attention outwards from the Centre of their consciousness

in which the Ultimate Reality is present in its purity and wholeness, the question arises

whether they are cut off from the awareness of this Reality and the essential divinity of their

own nature. The above aphorism removes any kind of doubt with regard to this question.

Even when engaged in the most absorbing activities of the world their awareness of the

Reality present within them and the phenomenal nature of the world around them remains

uninterrupted. One aspect of their consciousness is turned inwards towards the Reality hidden

within the centre of that consciousness and the other aspect is turned outwards and engaged in

the external activities of the world. The external work may be considered as the activity of

their mind derived from and functioning on the periphery of their consciousness. As a matter

of fact there is no inner or outer in these matters since everything takes place within the

sphere of the Supreme Consciousness and one who is aware of the One Reality sees even the

other activity as an expression of the same Reality.

The damaru or drum which is used in the symbology of Mahesa not only symbolizes

the uninterrupted nature of the World Process but also the co-existence of the two states,

inward turned and outward turned, in a state of resonance. The alternate turning outwards and

inwards of the consciousness of Mahesa not only enables Him to bring together and maintain

contact between the inner and the outer, or the manifest and the unmanifest, but also to bring

down the Energy needed for running the machinery of the manifest universe from its infinite

source in the unmanifest. It also results in the breaking up of Duration or the principle of

Time into ‘moments’ or ksanas which make possible all kinds of changes in an ever-changing

universe. When the consciousness of Mahesa is turned outwards the universe comes into

existence. When it is withdrawn within the Centre of His Consciousness and concentrated in

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that Centre in its Real and transcendental nature, the universe disappears momentarily and a

kind of pralaya takes place. This is not a pralaya in the ordinary sense in which this Sanskrit

word is used but an aspect of the instantaneous appearance and disappearance of the universe

called unmesa and nimesa in Hindu philosophy.

But in the present context the separation of consciousness from the world of Reality

referred to is of a different kind and for longer periods but re-establishment of contact with

Reality can be brought about whenever desired by means of pranayama, etc. as pointed out in

aphorism III-45 and 46.

pleasure

pain

outside, on the periphery of

of the mind.

III-33. “The experiences of pleasure and pain in the life of such a Self-realized Yogi

who acts as an Adhikari Purusa are confined to the periphery of his consciousness and do not

affect its inner levels as the waves on the surface of an ocean do not affect its deeper levels.”

In the ordinary individual, the consciousness which is essentially an integrated state, is

divided for all practical purposes into water-tight compartments by the vehicles working on

the different planes and producing different states of mind on those planes. So when he goes

through any experience on the physical plane he sees and feels it in isolation from the deeper

layers of consciousness which lie within him undisturbed. That is why he becomes disturbed

by any pleasant or painful experience on the lower planes. But in the case of a Self-realized

individual whose consciousness has become integral and embraces all levels of the mind the

experiences on the lower planes are felt as part of the integral consciousness and although

they produce the corresponding sensations, feelings, etc., these remain only on the outer

periphery of consciousness without disturbing the deeper layers. So although he goes through

and feels these experiences he remains undisturbed owing to the centre of his consciousness

being established at the deepest level—in the world of Reality in its true Sat-cit-ananda

nature.

An example from ordinary life will make this point clear. An individual who is an

ordinary swimmer who enters the waters of sea disturbed by a storm will see nothing but

disturbance everywhere. But an expert diver can dive into the deeper levels of the sea and be

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in a perfectly tranquil environment in spite of the fact that a storm is raging at the surface.

Even if he comes to the surface and sees and feels the external disturbance he will not be

disturbed mentally because he has experienced and knows that there is a perfectly tranquil

region down below and he can retire into it whenever he wants. He is really conscious of the

sea as a whole and while the disturbances at the surface affect him physically they do not

touch him mentally.

In some such way we can imagine the manifested world with all its disturbances

existing within the consciousness of the Logos who exists within it and yet above it. Viveka

and vairagya, though they do not give a direct or pratyaksa experience of integral

consciousness, do give an intuitive perception of that state and that is why those in whom

viveka and vairagya are highly developed can remain unaffected internally by what happens

to them in the outer world. But for remaining completely undisturbed and unaffected direct

experience of the integral state of consciousness is necessary.

This fact is sought to be illustrated by the allegorical stories regarding Divine

incarnations like Rama and Krishna given in the Hindu scriptures. They are shown to enjoy

and dislike experiences of various kinds, feel joy and sorrow like ordinary people, but every

Hindu knows that these are deceptive outer experiences. Their consciousness is inwardly

established in the world of Reality and all these mental and emotional activities take place on

the fringe of their Consciousness and do not at all affect them within. This important dual

feature of spiritual consciousness is sought to be illustrated by many stories in the life of

Krishna related in the Bhagavata. In one of them Krishna is invited by the Gopis for a

sumptuous dinner on the other side of the Yamuna. After taking the dinner he comes to the

bank of the Yamuna to return to his home on the other side of the river and says to the

Yamuna, “If I have not eaten anything give me passage to cross over to the other side.” The

waters of the Yamuna part immediately and he walks across to the other bank between the

two high walls of water. When the Gopis ask him how he could say that he had not eaten

anything after taking dinner, he replies “It is not ‘I’ who ate the dinner but my body.”

This aphorism and also some other succeeding ones dealing with the mental,

emotional and bodily activities of a Mahatma are meant to remove doubts which may arise in

connection with the life of a Jivanmukta or even an Avatara. Although the consciousness of a

Jivanmukta is centred in the world of Reality and there is Self-awareness he behaves

generally in his outer life very much like an ordinary human being as depicted in the life of

Rama, Krishna and also saints and sages. Adhikari Purusas may also be considered as

Avataras in one sense because they also descend from their natural and permanent home in

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the world of Reality into the lower worlds to carry out their appointed tasks in the Divine

Plan. What has been said above explains this apparent contradiction between their innermost

state of consciousness which remains quite undisturbed and unaffected and their outer life

which is sometimes full of hectic activities.

This aphorism should put the aspirant and the disciple on his guard against taking

highly evolved souls as ordinary human beings because their life is so simple, unassuming

and ordinary in some respects and yet mysteriously and fundamentally different from that of

ordinary people. He should also be on his guard against considering the outer paraphernalia of

orthodox religious life such as coloured robes, rituals, religious discourses, and peculiar

modes of behaviour as an expression of spiritual life. A very penetrating sense of spiritual

discrimination or viveka is needed to distinguish between a real Mahatma and a mere

religious teacher who can impress common people by his learning and the outer paraphernalia

of religious life. Only those who have this sense of discrimination and lead a really spiritual

life can come easily in contact with Mahatmas. Those who lack these qualifications generally

spend their lives in going from one asrama to another and becoming either ultimately

disillusioned or being caught by one of the clever people who generally found these asramas

for their selfish purposes or to satisfy their human vanity.

from that, i.e. pleasure and pain

who is liberated because he is not affected

a word that is neither noun, adjective, pronoun or verb. This is used sometimes as an

emphatic particle or an expletive to fill out a sentence

one whose consciousness has

become isolated from the influence of pleasure and pain and can thus function without any

personal considerations.

III-34. “The Yogi whose consciousness has thus become completely liberated from

the influence of pleasure and pain is called a kevali. Such a person alone can work without

any personal considerations and can therefore serve as an effective instrument of the Divine

Life.”

It has already been pointed out in the last aphorism that there is a kind of duality in the

life of a Liberated individual. There is the consciousness on the periphery in which there may

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be change, activity and mental images of infinite variety and the consciousness at the Centre

which is changeless and integrated. The proper understanding of this dual state of

consciousness will enable us to understand and appreciate the life and behaviour of such

Jivanmuktas which appear sometimes paradoxical and anomalous. It will also enable us to

understand how the life of the Spirit in the unmanifest can co-exist in perfect harmony with

the life of the individuality in the manifest.

Many students have a strange idea about the state of consciousness of a Liberated

individual and think that he lives in a strange world which has no harmonious relation with

this world with which we are familiar. This is not true as shown by the lives of the greatest

Adepts of occultism. The explanation of this mystery lies the duality of consciousness

referred to above.

In order to understand this matter properly we should remember that mind is a

derivative of consciousness as stated so clearly in the aphorism Atma-cittam (III-1) and the

two exist side by side, or rather to be more exact, all the mental states exist within the field of

consciousness. The world of the unreal is the world of mind and exists within the realm of the

mind. The world of the Real is a world of consciousness, which being an integrated state is

the source and background of all mental phenomena. So, an individual whose consciousness

is centred in the world of the Real is aware not only of that world, but also of the world of the

mind simultaneously, and sees that world as an expression of consciousness. It is in this way

that the idea of mind, desire, etc. functioning on the periphery of consciousness should be

understood. There is really no inside and outside. What is said to be outside, on the periphery,

is in the realm of the mind. What is inside is in the realm of consciousness. And what is

present in the realm of the mind is not something apart from consciousness or different from

consciousness. It is an appearance in consciousness based upon vibration or motion as

indicated by the aphorism cittam mantrah (II-1).

An individual who has attained this awareness of the fact that mind is merely a

differentiated form of consciousness and thus rises above the influences of pleasure and pain,

joy and sorrow, and other pairs of opposite is called a kevali because he has isolated himself

from the world of the unreal and is not affected by what takes place in it although he may live

in it and take part in its activities. An ordinary individual is involved in the lower worlds

because he is influenced by what takes place in that world and affects him personally. A

kevali has risen above all these influences and although he lives and works in the world his

consciousness is not involved in that world which means that he remains unaffected by

personal considerations.

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delusion of mind created by Maya which brings about and maintains our

involvement in the lower worlds of illusions of various kinds

separated or freed

from

this particle has the same meaning here as in the previous aphorism

an

Adhikari Purusa who takes an active part in the evolutionary process and becomes an

instrument of God's Plan even though he himself has become perfect and liberated and has

nothing to gain from such a life.

III-35. “A Yogi who has risen completely above the influence of moha is alone

qualified to serve as an Adhikari Purusa, i.e. one who can hold an office of responsibility in

the Occult Hierarchy which constitutes the inner government of the world.”

It will be well known to students of the Occult doctrine that those who become

Liberated from the illusions and limitations of human life become not only free and endowed

with Divine attributes but fully qualified to act as Adhikari Purusas in the Divine Plan. The

universe according to the Occult doctrine is a theatre for the evolution of life and it therefore

serves not only as a training ground for souls in the early stages of their evolution but also

requires a hierarchy of advanced souls to guide these souls and supervise the World Process in

its different spheres and different stages. Every system in which evolution is taking place has

such a hierarchy working in the background and, unseen and unrecognized, directing the

evolutionary process. This hierarchy is different from the hierarchies of angels and other non-

human beings and consists of human beings who have risen from the lower stages of human

evolution and by conquering the illusions and limitations of ordinary life have attained

Liberation which is also called Kaivalya or Jivanmukti. It is only these great beings who have

attained Perfection and Liberation who can serve effectively as Adhikari Purusas. The

machinery of a manifested system is so complex that it requires a large variety of workers in

different fields. Out of these only some lead an active life in the fulfilment of the Divine Plan

and it is those who are called karmatma in the above aphorism. This phrase is therefore used

to distinguish them from other classes of Liberated human beings who perform other

functions in the Divine Plan but do not lead a life of active participation as Adhikari Purusas.

We know very little about the work of other classes of perfected beings engaged in the

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working of the Divine Plan but a little more information is available in Hindu scriptures about

those who take an active part in this work as Manus, etc. It is these Adhikari Purusas holding

definite offices of responsibility who are referred to as karmatma in the present aphorism.

The aphorisms of this Section are meant to throw some light on the life and nature of

these great beings and the Divine attributes which qualify them to become such Adhikari

Purusas. These attributes are present in their perfection in those who have attained Liberation

and are really the qualifications required for gaining Liberation.

These attributes which are hinted at in these aphorisms are the essential quality which

an aspirant who is treading the path of discipleship has to develop gradually for it is only

when he has developed them in an adequate measure that he can become Liberated. Many

students of Occultism have a very vague idea and poor appreciation of the need of these

attributes and the strenuous and persevering effort which is required to develop them. They

generally think that by merely doing their ordinary work more efficiently and earnestly they

will gradually acquire the capacity to do this work of the higher kind as Adhikari Purusas or

conscious agents of the Divine Life.

But acting as Adhikari Purusas requires training, capacities and qualifications of an

entirely different nature and some of the aphorisms give us an idea of the fundamental

difference between this kind of training and the training and experience required for

discharging the responsibilities of the highest offices existing in the outer world. It is really

not so much a training for doing work of a difficult nature requiring mental calibre, clear

thinking, detailed knowledge and drive, but a training which purifies and harmonizes our

nature to the utmost extent and brings it under complete control of the Spirit. When Self-

realization takes place and the individual Spirit merges with the Universal Spirit this control

of the complex and efficient and pure instrument which we have built up in the manifested

world passes into the hands of the Universal Spirit and so can be used as a conscious

instrument of the Divine Will in the working of the Divine Plan. Those people who are

treading the path of practical Occultism as disciples should therefore know that all that they

are acquiring in the field of mental, moral and spiritual endeavour, they are acquiring for the

Universal Spirit ultimately, for, when Self-realization takes place the individual Spirit

practically ceases to exist and becomes a conscious agent and instrument of the Universal

Spirit.

Unfortunately, this aspect of the training of disciples is not generally known and

emphasized either in schools of mysticism and occultism or in the self-discipline which is

adopted by the earnest and serious-minded followers of various religions in their training for

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leading a spiritual life. Liberation is generally regarded as an end in itself, and not as a means

to a great end. This fact is particularly noticeable in the field of Hindu religious thought in

which the idea of permanent and irreversible Liberation called Jivanmukti is well known,

clearly defined and striven after. It is the ignorance of this aspect of liberation in Hindu

thought which is responsible for the facile assumption that when Liberation takes place the

individual Atma merges with and disappears for ever in the Paramatma. If “the dewdrop has

ultimately to slip into the shining sea” and be lost for ever, nobody asks what is the meaning

and purpose of all this misery and travail through which the individual passes in his evolution

in the lower worlds before becoming Liberated.

difference; distinction; here it means the tendency of the human mind to see life,

things and phenomena as different, owing to the lack of awareness of the fact that all these are

expressions of one and the same Reality. In this state of awareness even the distinction

between the Real and the unreal disappears from Consciousness and everything is seen as an

expression of the One Reality

on renouncing; on freeing oneself from

creation,

Kingdom of Nature; variety of life

‘inter’; between

capacity to function as

acquired.

III-36. “By rising above the realm of the mind which sees all things as different into

the realm of the One Reality in which all things are seen as different expressions of this

Reality, is acquired the capacity to function with equal ease in all spheres, kingdoms of

Nature and solar systems in manifestation.”

In the previous aphorism it was pointed out that freedom from moha is a necessary

qualification for becoming an Adhikari Purusa. This Sanskrit word is used widely in different

schools of Eastern philosophy with different shades of meaning and so its real significance is

not clearly defined and properly understood. The best method of defining the nature of moha

is perhaps to regard it as the deluding effect produced upon the human mind by the power of

Illusion or Maya which keeps the Monads involved in manifestation for the sake of their

evolution and training for acting as Adhikari Purusas. This effect has many aspects which are

all covered by the many connotations of this word and is also in accordance with the general

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conception of moha as the delusion of mind which causes attachment to worldly objects and

pursuits.

The aphorism which we are now considering points out another qualification of great

importance which every Adhikari Purusa possesses and which enables him to discharge the

responsibilities of offices of much greater scope in the Divine Plan, This is referred to as

bheda-tiraskara in the aphorism, Bheda-bhava is seeing the infinite expressions of Divine

Life in the universe as different from one another and bheda-tiraskara is therefore complete

freedom from this tendency which imposes a tremendous limitation on consciousness from

the highest point of view. As has been pointed out again and again, according to the Occult

Doctrine there is only One Reality in existence which is finding an infinite variety of

expressions in innumerable manifestations throughout the universe. As long as we see these

expressions are different, it means we do not see them really as expressions of the One

Reality. This implies that we are not aware of the One Reality in its essential nature which is

Integrated, Whole and Perfect. This lack of awareness of the essential oneness of all things

throughout the universe, which Vedanta preaches, limits the consciousness of an individual to

a particular locality or region in the universe and prevents his functioning everywhere with

equal ease. But he who is aware of the Reality feels at home everywhere because he sees the

same Reality everywhere and in everything.

This freedom from bheda-bhava will thus be seen to mean a fuller awareness of the

One Reality than freedom from moha. Freedom from moha means non-attachment to objects,

persons and pursuits with which one is connected or familiar. On the other hand, freedom

from bheda-bhava means freedom from attachment to anything in the whole manifested

universe because the whole universe in all its complexity and at all levels is an expression of

the One Reality. The former confers on the individual, awareness of being an individual

Spirit, or Atma-bhava. The latter confers on him the awareness of his being one with the

Supreme Spirit which we may call Paramatma-bhava. It is this fact which enables the

liberated individual to function in any part of the manifested universe as an Adhikari Purusa

which is what the phrase sargantara-karmatvam in the aphorism implies.

As the whole universe is an expression of the One Reality, all its parts and aspects at

all levels, are intimately related to one another although such interrelations are not visible at

the surface. For example, when we examine the universe on the physical plane we find it

divided into galaxies, solar systems and planetary systems separated by vast, unimaginable

distances measured in terms of light-years. It seems impossible at present to cross these

enormous distances and establish communication even between different solar systems. But

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when we penetrate into the deeper levels of consciousness we find that these different systems

separated by unimaginable distances are really a play of Divine Consciousness and their

separation by time and distance is merely an illusion produced by Maya. It is therefore not

only possible to transfer consciousness from one system to another but to feel equally at home

everywhere and function everywhere. It is this ability to do so which is implied in the Sanskrit

phrase sargantara-karmatvam which a Liberated individual acquires on becoming established

in the world of the One Reality.

That such transfers of Adhikari Purusas are possible and take place all the time is well

known to Adepts of-Occultism, but no information is available in Occult literature on this

subject. It is only when an individual becomes Liberated after bheda-tiraskara and enters the

world of the One Reality that he gets a glimpse into these innermost secrets of Occult life, not

before.

the power to act in these ways referred to in the previous aphorisms

automatically; naturally; without any special effort

on experiencing the

consciousness of the Ultimate Reality referred to in III-25.

Ill-37. “The capacity to act freely in these ways which is necessary for an Adhikari

Purusa comes to him naturally without making any special effort because the Centre of his

consciousness is established permanently in the world of Reality, in the very source of

integrated Divine Power.”

As the consciousness of a Liberated individual is established in the world of Reality

and has become united with the Universal Consciousness of Siva all the powers which are

inherent in that Consciousness can be wielded by the Self-realized individual without making

any special effort to acquire them. We should remember that this Supreme Consciousness is

an integrated state and the Supreme Power inherent in it should also therefore be an integrated

state. From such an integrated Power which is the source of all powers in the manifest any

particular power needed for any particular purpose can appear naturally and automatically just

as any coloured light can appear from white integrated light to bring out the colour of any

object on which it falls.

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The reason why all kinds of powers from the highest to the lowest can be wielded by

an Adhikari Purusa as required lies, of course, in the fact pointed out before, that

consciousness, or rather knowledge and power, are correlatives and every kind of knowledge

has inherent in it its corresponding power. That is why people who gain Self-realization by

following any Path acquire siddhis even though they do not even think or care about these

things and are concerned only with the attainment of their supreme object.

As mind is a differentiated form of consciousness the powers associated with mental

knowledge of different kinds are also present in a differentiated form. That is why a particular

kind of knowledge forms the basis of a particular kind of power corresponding to that

knowledge. And so to obtain a particular siddhi it is necessary to make a special effort to

acquire the knowledge upon which the siddhi is based.

On the Atmic plane the individual Atma is a centralized expression of Paramatma and

therefore shares to some extent the nature of the Paramatma. That is why omniscience and

omnipotence appear naturally in the individual who has gained full consciousness of the

Atmic plane. But this omniscience and omnipotence is of a comparatively limited nature and

confined to the particular field within the consciousness of the Siddha Purusa. It is a partial

though tremendous expression of the true Supreme Consciousness of Siva and can be

exercised by a Liberated individual who has become one with that Supreme Reality.

the lower three states of consciousness (jagrat, svapna, susupti)

etc., and

other triple states of a similar nature

vitalizing; giving life to.

III-38. “As a result of the ability to use the universal Divine Power, the Adhikari

Purusa can not only create any forms needed for his work but also vitalize them in all the

states and levels of existence present in a manifested system.”

This is a very important aphorism as it throws light on the nature of the physico-

psychic mechanism which comes into existence on the establishment of a duplicate centre of

consciousness, a process to which reference is made in aphorism IV-4 of the Yoga-Sutra. This

aphorism states that the creation of a new citta requires merely the establishment of a new

centre of consciousness or rather the duplication of the original, permanent centre. It stands to

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reason that this new citta which has been created in this manner is not merely ‘mind’ but must

also be associated with a vehicle through which the ‘mind’ works. In fact, it implies the

creation of a complete set of vehicles functioning on different planes of manifestation and

being thus a replica of the original individuality on the form side. It is for this reason that it

can serve as a vehicle of the individual Atma in an effective manner. A mere physical body,

for example, with no inner vehicles to ensoul it cannot function in an effective manner. It will

be a mere mask or robot with very limited usefulness and capacity.

The existence of a complete set of vehicles which can function effectively on all the

planes requires that they should be vitalized by prana, the principle present in every vehicle

which gives life to it and enables it to become an instrument of the Atma. For, it is prana

which converts a mere mechanism into a living body which responds readily to the will of the

indwelling Spirit and serves as a via media between consciousness which is intangible and

matter which is tangible. Without this principle connecting the two they cannot interact with

each other.

The role of prana in the functioning of the various vehicles which the Atma uses on

the different planes of manifestation is not fully understood even by many students of

Occultism. In the Vedantic classification of these vehicles mention is made only of

pranamaya-kosa. Prom this the student infers that prana has a role to play only in the

working of the dense physical body called annamaya-kosa in this classification. But anyone

who has studied the Upanisads and other Occult literature carefully can see that the role of

prana is far more complex and it has some part to play in the functioning of all the vehicles

though it is difficult for us to comprehend it on the lower planes. The following two well-

known Occult maxims in Sanskrit will indicate how important this role is.

“Prana is Brahman, the Ultimate Reality.”

“The first derivative of Samvit or Universal Consciousness is Prana.”

Another important point to note in this connection is that the vehicles created

artificially by the Yogi for a particular purpose by his kriya sakti have not to be built up or

constructed elaborately one by one. They come into existence or are precipitated

automatically and naturally on the establishment of a duplicate centre of consciousness as

indicated in aphorism IV-4 of the Yoga-Sutra. And they are fully vitalized and ready to work

effectively like the original set of vehicles. The only difference between the two is that they

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have no samskaras attached to them and their activities are directed by the individual who

functions through the original set of vehicles. Aphorisms IV-4 and IV-5 of the Yoga-Sutra

confirm what has been said above.

The creation in this manner of a set of vehicles naturally and automatically is the result

of the relation of the individual Atma with the lower planes of manifestation. These planes

represent the differentiated states of the integrated Atmic consciousness and so when a

duplicate centre is established on the highest plane of manifestation the vehicles

corresponding to that centre come into existence on the lower planes in a natural manner. We

are all familiar with such processes even on the physical plane. When a seed is sown in the

ground properly prepared, it begins to sprout and grow immediately and ultimately produces

a tree of the same kind with the help of the natural forces working in its environment. The

only difference is that the growth of a tree takes time while the creation of a set of vehicles

can be brought about by an Adept of Occultism instantaneously. This is due to the fact that

the impulse for the growth of the tree comes from a source in the realm of time and space

while the impulse for the growth of a new set of vehicles comes from a source in the eternal

which is above the limitations of time and space.

The fact that this siddhi is mentioned in Kaivalya Pada and not in Vibhuti Pada of the

Yoga-Sutra indicates that this power can be exercised only by an Adept of Occultism who has

already penetrated through the centre of his Atmic consciousness and lives in the world of

Reality. The divine sport described in the Bhagavata in which Krishna multiplied the number

of his vehicles so that he could be with every gopi separately is probably an allegory to

illustrate the working of this Divine Power present potentially in every human being.

Many Yogis acquire this power of materializing themselves in their original or

duplicate body at distant places; but this is a different kind of phenomenon and the body thus

produced is called mayavic or illusory. It is not necessary to go further into this question in

the present context.

the state of mind

like; resembling

body

instruments like

organs of sense and action

external; outside.

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III-39. “As in the case of mind, the body and the organs of sense and action are also

seen on the periphery of consciousness and do not affect its deeper levels.”

It was pointed out in aphorism III-33 of Siva-Sutra that the activity of the mind with

which most people identify themselves is seen by a Self-realized individual on the periphery

of consciousness and therefore does not affect his inner consciousness. This aphorism further

clarifies the same idea and points out that the body also is seen apart from his Self on the

periphery of consciousness. What we see outside us is really present within us in the form of a

mental image produced in our mind by our environment, and the body is also a part of that

image. This fact is emphasized because there is a general tendency in us to give the body an

independent status and consider its existence and activities apart from those of the mind. As

the basis of the manifested world is mental the whole physico-psychic mechanism through

which we function as an individual Spirit is also a part of the mental world seen against the

background of consciousness. The sense-organs and organs of action, being part of the body,

are as a matter of course seen on the periphery of consciousness. They are referred to as

karana or ‘instruments’ in the present aphorism.

of desire, the word desire being used here in the sense of will which is

exercised in implementing the Divine Plan

external, on the surface or periphery

movement, situation, mode of existence

one who functions at the external level and

on the periphery of consciousness.

III-40. “The desire or will to implement the Divine Plan in the case of an Adhikari

Purusa makes him function also on the periphery of consciousness but does not affect his

innermost being which is established in the world of Reality.”

The idea of non-identification of consciousness with the activities of the mind and

body is further extended to the activities of desire which is generally the motivating and

driving force behind the activities of mind and body. The activities of our desire nature are

generally considered as part of our mental activity but they have been correctly separated and

distinguished from mental activities in the present aphorism. Desire is a lower expression and

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reflection of the Will aspect of our nature and has its roots on the Atmic plane while the

activity of the lower mind is an expression of the Higher Mind called the Causal body or

karana sarira. It is because desire is the debased expression of the Atma, the highest principle

in the individuality, that it is the dominating and motivating factor in human life and the

elimination of desire provides a direct method of gaining Atmic consciousness or awareness of

our real Self.

The Sanskrit word abhilasa generally means ordinary desire for worldly things, but in

the present context, since it is used in connection with the life of a Self-realized individual it

should be considered in the sense of will-power from which desires are derived. This

interpretation is not only suitable but is necessary because a Self-realized individual who acts

as an Adhikari Purusa has no personal desires of his own, but in all the activities in which he

takes part he has the attitude and awareness of being an agent of the Divine life.

The above aphorism is meant to remove the doubts which may arise in the minds of

those who live with and work under such highly evolved souls. When these great beings come

and live among men they take particular care to remain inconspicuous and therefore live their

external life, as far as possible, like other men around them. The ordinary man whose sense of

discrimination is not yet developed judges these great beings by their outer modes of

behaviour and external activities and finding nothing remarkable in them is apt to overlook

their underlying greatness and high moral and spiritual stature. It requires penetrating spiritual

insight and development to recognize spiritual greatness. We must have developed in

ourselves, to some extent at least, what we can see and appreciate in others.

How is it that these highly evolved souls live and behave like ordinary people and yet

can live in the world of Reality at the same time? The secret of this dual life lies in the fact

that the activities of their desires, etc. take place on the periphery of their consciousness and

the Inner Man remains unaffected by them.

It is necessary for the aspirant to understand these things of the inner life if he wants to

come into contact with real Mahatmas who generally live unknown and unrecognized in

solitude and are not easily accessible. To meet them and to co-operate with them in the

beneficent work which they are doing in spite of their physical isolation one has to be like

them, at least to some extent. No amount of search for Mahatmas in the Himalayas or

Asramas will be of any avail if we do not have the necessary qualifications for coming in

contact with them.

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that; refers to the awareness of Reality

seated on, established in

direct knowledge of Reality

of that desire or will

on exhaustion of, on the

completion of the work undertaken

life, existence, personality

is destroyed or

comes to an end simultaneously.

III-41. “On account of the direct and constant awareness of Reality in the case of an

Adhikari Purusa the life or personality which he has assumed temporarily to carry out a

particular part of the Divine Plan comes to an end or disappears simultaneously with the

disappearance of desire or will on accomplishment of the work.”

This aphorism refers again to the functioning of an Adhikari Purusa when he takes

some part in the fulfilment of the Divine Plan. He is established in the world of Reality and

his knowledge is true and certain. When, therefore, he comes down into the lower worlds and

works through a personality he is at least partially aware all the time of this fact even though

his mind is engaged in the work he is doing. All aphorisms which follow aphorism III-25 refer

to the state of consciousness and mode of working of a Liberated individual and should be

interpreted keeping in view this fact. The interpretations by some scholars of some of the

aphorisms give the impression that the Yogi has reverted to a lower state of ordinary life

involving illusions and limitations of all kinds. As the state of true Self-realization is

irreversible such interpretations are obviously wrong.

The state of mind, actions and ways of work of all Liberated individuals who take part

in the working out of the Divine Plan of evolution is quite different from those of ordinary

people even though they may outwardly behave like ordinary people in certain respects. Even

though their mind is immersed in the work of the physical world, the contact with the world

of Reality is never broken and they can become actively aware of that world instantaneously

by retiring into the innermost levels of their consciousness.

The state of consciousness of such Jivanmuktas is a mystery of spiritual life which

should be properly understood if we are not to misunderstand them and make discipleship

under their guidance impossible. It is only in the case of those who are still treading the path

of discipleship and who have not yet crossed the threshold of Nirvana that reversions to the

lower states of consciousness are possible. They are net only possible but the risk of these

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reversions or even straying from the Path of Holiness is inherent in the life of discipleship as

pointed out in a previous aphorism. A disciple has to be alert and guard against such lapses all

the time, even when he has reached a high stage in the unfoldment of consciousness.

It is because the consciousness of a Liberated individual is firmly established in the

world of Reality, as indicated by the phrase taddrudha-pramiteh, and is therefore perfectly

unattached to the life and pursuits of the manifested world that his personality disappears as

soon as the work he had undertaken is accomplished. There is not only no attachment to the

lower worlds but there are also no traces of karma still left to be worked out which sometimes

make it necessary for very highly advanced souls to descend into the lower worlds

temporarily. They are not quite free until they have crossed the threshold of Nirvana and

become Liberated in the real sense.

made of the pancha-bhutas; anything which exists

derived, from the word

which means garb, robe

then; in that case

freed, released

again

Lord; refers to Pasupati, a name of Siva

like; same as

transcendental; beyond

the manifested world.

III-42. “When the Adhikari Purusa is freed from the psycho-material mechanism

created by his will, utilizing the Divine Power, his consciousness again reverts to the Siva

state or transcendental Reality.”

It has been pointed out already that desire or kama is a debased form of will or iccha.

While in the case of an ordinary individual it is desire which is the motivating force in life, in

the case of a Self-realized individual, acting as an Adhikari Purusa it is Iccha Sakti or pure

spiritual will which is the motivating force behind all actions. In the case of an Adhikari

Purusa, the outer personality seems to have desires and thoughts but these are controlled by

and are really the expressions of the spiritual will which acts from the innermost Centre of

consciousness and directs the personality in its appointed work. But the personality does seem

to have a temporary existence of its own, and as shown before, behaves in many respects like

the personality of an ordinary individual. The outer lives of all Mahapurusas confirm this

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fact. They all have remarkable personalities which all the same are under the perfect control

and guidance of their will which is really an expression of the Divine Will through them.

It is also to be noted that such Adhikari Purusas have no karmic samkaras to be

worked out because all these are destroyed on the attainment of Liberation as pointed out in

aphorism IV-30 of Yoga-Sutra. When a particular work undertaken by an Adhikari Purusa is

finished the personality dissolves naturally, for the pure spiritual will which was behind it has

been withdrawn and the consciousness which was partly turned outwards in maintaining the

external activity reverts to its original state of full awareness of Reality.

The peculiar manner in which the fact of reversion of consciousness to the full

awareness of Reality on the dissolution of the personality is stated in this aphorism will show

the student how concepts of a profound nature are sometimes expressed in the Sanskrit

language, especially when they are embodied in the form of aphorisms. Sanskrit is a

wonderful language for the terse expression of profound ideas of a philosophical or religious

nature because of the wide range of connotations in the case of certain words, a whole

doctrine or concept of profound significance being sometimes expressed by a single word or

phrase. But this makes it necessary for the student to be very careful in determining in what

sense a particular word or phrase is used in a particular context. Unless he has a good grasp of

the fundamental principles of the subject he is studying he may find it impossible to make

head or tail of what is stated in the form of an aphorism. Let us take some of the words and

phrases in the present aphorism to illustrate this point.

bhutakancuki: This phrase refers to the psycho-physical mechanism through which the

Jivatma functions in the world of manifestation, but there are many occult concepts which are

implied in the two words which constitute this phrase. This phrase hints at the essential

constitution of man, how the mental worlds produced on different planes come into being

through the agency of the panca-bhutas or the five Cosmic Elements, how the psycho-

physical mechanism gradually built up by each Jivatma in the world of manifestation by the

long evolutionary process serves as a prison to confine his consciousness and obscure the

awareness of Reality which is hidden within his heart and is his real Self.

The ordinary man is held in bondage within this set of vehicles which are referred to

metaphorically as the ‘robe made of bhutas’, and cannot get out of it until his evolution is

completed and he has become perfect. It is only then that he can share the universal

Consciousness of Siva and also wield His Power as a conscious agent. On the other hand the

Liberated individual has become free from these compulsions and although he uses such

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mechanisms he is not bound by them and is free to get out of them whenever he wills to do so.

This is why this state is called Liberation.

pati: The Sanskrit word pasupati means ‘Lord of all living creatures who are held in

bondage in samsara’ and is used frequently as a, name for Siva, the Universal Consciousness

which is finding expression in the manifested world through all living creatures at different

stages of evolution. As most students of Hindu philosophy are familiar with this name, the

word pasu is dropped and only pati is used in referring to Him.

samah: This Sanskrit word means ‘like’ or ‘same as’. Before the Monad comes down

into manifestation he exists in the world of the ultimate Reality in which Divine Power is

potential and merged in Divine Consciousness and so there is no scope for its expression and

the development of faculties through which powers of various kinds can be exercised. So the

Monad though essentially of the same nature as Siva and like Him is yet not quite like Him

because he has not yet developed the faculty of using the infinite Divine Power hidden within

him.

It is for making this potential Divine Power active that he comes down into

manifestation, under the illusion created by Maya, to go through the evolutionary process and

develop the faculties which will enable him to exercise all the powers from the lowest to the

highest. The highest stage of this development is reached when he becomes a Solar Logos or

Isvara and rules and guides the evolution of a solar system with all the Monads evolving in it.

But it is only after attaining Liberation, when his consciousness becomes united with the

Universal Consciousness of Siva, that he becomes endowed with the Divine Power and can

wield it as a conscious agent of the Divine Life and becomes truly like Siva or Siva-tulya as

expressed in aphorism III-26. Then the Divine Power which is present within him can be

exercised in ever increasing measure as he occupies offices of greater and greater

responsibility as an Adhikari Purusa in the Divine Plan.

The above paragraph also gives some kind of explanation of the mystery concerning

the necessity of coming down into the world of manifestation and going through the travail

and miseries of the long evolutionary process by a being who is Divine in his essential nature

and has his home in the world of Reality. The real and complete resolution of this great

mystery can take place only when he becomes Liberated and gets a direct vision of the Truth

which is enshrined in his heart.

parah: means ‘beyond’ and is used to indicate the transcendental nature of that

Ultimate Reality which transcends not only the manifested world but also the Divine world in

which Divine Beings like the Solar Logoi function. This Universal Consciousness of Siva is

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transcendental in the highest sense, for it transcends even the Mahesvara-Mahesvari Tattva in

the Ever-Unmanifest from which all Isvaras functioning in the manifest are derived and of

which They are the expressions.

natural; within the realm of Prakrti

vitality; the special kind of force

on every plane of manifestation which serves as a link between consciousness and its vehicle

and makes interaction between them possible

relation; association; interaction.

III-43. “The principle of prana, though it connects the pure Consciousness of Purusa

with his vehicles in the realm of manifestation, belongs really to the realm of Prakrti and so

when the consciousness of the Purusa reverts to the world of Reality as pointed out in the last

aphorism, the prana remains behind with the vehicle and its association with Purusa is

dissolved completely.”

It has been pointed out before that prana plays a much more important and all-

pervading role than is generally supposed. We can have only a hazy idea about this role on the

spiritual planes although we know that it exists on these planes. Our knowledge concerning

prana is confined mostly to the functioning of the pranamaya-kosa which not only vitalizes

the physical body but serves as an instrument for convening purely physical vibrations like

those of light and sound received by their respective sense-organs into sensations which are

mental in nature and provide the raw material for the working and development of the mind.

This aphorism is very important because like many other aphorisms of Siva-Sutra it

points out facts and principles of the most fundamental nature which are an integral part of the

Occult Doctrine. This aphorism points out that prana though derived from consciousness is a

part of the objective world also. This world is governed by the laws of Nature and is therefore

called naisargikah. The important point to note here is that prana is a via media between

consciousness and mind, which are subjective in nature, and matter which in its widest sense

provides the objective phenomena on all planes of manifestation. It is through prana that

consciousness expresses itself in matter and vehicles made of matter, on the one hand, and

vehicles carry information regarding the phenomena of the external world to mind and

consciousness on the other. Prana is able to perform this function on account of its peculiar

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constitution which combines in itself properties of both consciousness and matter as has been

explained in another context. Without the intervention of prana with its dual character how

could two such dissimilar principles—consciousness and matter—react with each other?

the nose through which pranayama is performed

the centre of

consciousness which is the innermost common centre of vehicles

by control,

regulation and unfoldment of

where is

contrary, reverse

as a prefix to

verbs it means away from, opposition, in contrary direction

in the susumna nadi.

III-44. “In the case of those who have learnt the technique of regulating the forces of

prana and kundalini through pranayama, since their consciousness can move up and down

the different planes of manifestation in accordance with their will there is really no

confinement of consciousness within the realm of manifestation.”

This is another aphorism which like aphorism III-42 expresses in a very peculiar but

graphic manner a well-known practice involved in Yoga which has for its ultimate object the

attainment of Self-realization. No one who is not familiar, at least theoretically, with the

techniques of Yoga can understand the meaning of this enigmatic aphorism while those who

have some knowledge of how forces like prana and kundalini are utilized in opening up and

making functional the extremely fine and subtle passage within the vertebral column, called

susumna nadi, will see at once its significance if they have a correct idea of the meaning of

the Sanskrit words used in the aphorism in a rather unusual manner.

The peculiar manner of expression is adopted not because those who have tried to

expound these vital facts of practical occultism wanted to mystify the student but for two

reasons. First, because they have tried to condense in a few words all the essential and

fundamental facts concerning the topic or process dealt with in the aphorism. It is amazing

how many facts which are of an essential nature are hinted at in this short aphorism. The

essence of many techniques of Yoga and the underlying principles, which requires whole

chapters for their exposition in books on Yoga, is just referred to by using single words and

phrases. It is therefore natural that students who do not possess a good mental background of

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knowledge concerning these things will find it difficult to understand the real significance of

such aphorisms.

The second reason why this peculiar method of expression is sometimes adopted in

expounding these facts of practical occultism is partly to veil the inner meaning and

significance of what is sought to be conveyed. The majority of people who appear to be

interested in Yoga these days do not have the right motive for the pursuit of this sacred

science. They are interested in Yoga either because they are curious and want simply to

satisfy their curiosity about this mysterious knowledge which fascinates by its very nature and

has been surrounded by the glamour of traditions concerning the so-called miracles wrought

by Yogis and great teachers of spiritual knowledge; or, they are interested because they want

to possess psychic powers of various kinds to satisfy their vanity or exploit other people. The

aim of many is to improve their health or to free themselves from diseases of many kinds so

that they can enjoy physical life to the maximum. People belonging to all these categories are

unfit to tread the path of real Yoga. They can be considered immature from the spiritual point

of view and do not possess the necessary qualifications for treading this path safely and

successfully. All such people are kept off from this knowledge of vital importance, but

dangerous for people of reckless temperament, by this peculiar manner of expression. If their

interest is purely academic they may be able to understand the literal meaning of the aphorism

and have the smug satisfaction which a mere scholar derives from his learning. But what they

actually have is only the husk and not the grain of true knowledge.

The importance of this aphorism in the present context lies in the fact that it gives a

hint with regard to the extremely easy method an Adhikari Purusa has of freeing himself from

his physico-psychic mechanism when he is not actively engaged in doing the work which he

has undertaken, although he still shoulders the responsibility of his office. He can

instantaneously raise his consciousness into the world of Reality and rest in his true home by

utilizing the technique connected with the active functioning of susumna. In fact, when this

technique has been mastered completely the process of freeing himself from the limitations of

the lower worlds and entering the world of Reality becomes extremely simple and is merely a

question of the focusing of consciousness in any of the vehicles or resting in the world of

Reality in full awareness of his Divine nature. The consciousness of such an Adhikari Purusa

can move up and down the different planes with as much ease as we can go from one room

into another in our house and become aware of the objects contained in these rooms.

But, of course, what has been said above applies only to those liberated individuals

who are acting as Adhikari Purusas in the lower worlds and have to come down and work on

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the lower planes in one capacity or another. There are a large number of other Liberated

individuals of tremendously high spiritual stature who do not hold such offices and do not

therefore maintain such physico-psychic mechanisms or bodies on the lower planes. Their

work does not require this frequent movement of consciousness up and down, or from one

sphere to another, and what has been stated in the above aphorism does not apply to them. We

know practically nothing about this class of Great Beings who do not remain in active touch

with the lower worlds because they do not hold any office of responsibility in them. Only

vague references to these Beings are found in the occult literature of Hinduism.

, again

will happen

the state of re-absorption into Reality.

III-45. “In the case of an Adhikari Purusa or Yogi who has complete control over his

vehicles and can shift his consciousness anywhere within the realm of manifestation, or even

transcend it and enter the world of Reality, whenever he wills to do so, there is again total re-

absorption into Reality.”

As Adhikari Purusas, who hold offices of responsibility in the lower worlds, can

withdraw their consciousness instantaneously from these worlds and become fully aware of

the world of Reality, there is really no separation from this Real world. And because there is

no real separation, when their task is done they again withdraw into the world of Reality

naturally.